Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

36 questions · 41 findings · 19 reviews · Airways

No studies found 8 · 19.5%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 11 · 26.8%Low 9 · 22%Moderate 13 · 31.7%High 0 · 0%

Intervention vs usual care

Exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) · COPD and at least one other long‐term condition

It is very uncertain whether intervention changes exacerbations ‐ number of people experiencing one or more  compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component intervention vs other treatments/routine care

Exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) · the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether multi‐component intervention changes exacerbations: number of people experiencing at least one exacerbation compared with other intervention or routine, usual care or control treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

COPD exacerbations · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
2 findings from 2 reviews · compare the 2 reviews

Tailored interventions based on sputum eosinophils vs tailored interventions based on clinical symptoms

Exacerbations · people with asthma

Tailored interventions based on sputum eosinophils probably leads to lower number of participants who had one or more exacerbations over the… compared with tailored interventions based on clinical symptoms (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Medical or surgical intervention, or both, for gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease vs nil intervention, delayed intervention control, or placebo

Exacerbations: number of people experiencing moderate or severe exacerbations · treatment for asthma in adults and children with asthma and GORD

Medical or surgical intervention, or both, for gastro‐oesophageal… showed no clear difference in number of participants with moderate/severe acute exacerbations… compared with nil intervention, delayed intervention control, or placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single component intervention vs control

Exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) · COPD

It is very uncertain whether single component intervention changes exacerbations: number of people experiencing exacerbations compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component intervention vs control

Exacerbations: number of people experiencing moderate or severe exacerbations · COPD

It is very uncertain whether multi‐component intervention changes exacerbations: number of people experiencing moderate or severe… compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐IgE mAb (omalizumab) vs usual care

Exacerbations · autumn asthma exacerbations in children

Omalizumab probably leads to lower exacerbations compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

3 findings from 1 review