Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

417 questions · 819 findings · 72 reviews

No studies found 9 · 1.1%GRADE not reported 759 · 92.7%Very low 39 · 4.8%Low 5 · 0.6%Moderate 6 · 0.7%High 1 · 0.1%

Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy

Dental caries · children

Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with higher odds of dental caries in children (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.55 to 2.05; ungraded).

14 findings from 2 reviews · compare the 2 reviews
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Prenatal vitamin D level ≤50 nmol/L vs Adequate prenatal vitamin D (sufficient maternal 25(OH)D)

Dental caries · Children aged 2 to 8 years

The review reported a lower odds ratio at maternal prenatal vitamin D ≤50 nmol/L than at ≤35 nmol/L, without a numeric value in the available sources.

1 finding from 1 review

Acidic bacillary pH on teeth vs Non-acidic bacillary pH

Dental caries · Primary school children in Ethiopia

Acidic bacillary pH on the teeth was associated with higher odds of dental caries (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.494-3.335; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Poor / no tooth brushing habit vs Good tooth brushing habit

Dental caries · Primary school children in Ethiopia

A poor tooth-cleaning habit was associated with higher odds of dental caries (OR 3.90, 95% CI 2.761-5.045; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Significant salivary microbial (Lactobacillus) load vs No/low significant microbial load

Dental caries · Primary school children in Ethiopia

A significant salivary microbial (Lactobacillus) load was associated with higher odds of dental caries (OR 3.82, 95% CI 3.439-4.192; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Prenatal vitamin D deficiency (low maternal 25(OH)D during pregnancy) vs Adequate prenatal vitamin D (sufficient maternal 25(OH)D)

Dental caries · Children aged 2 to 8 years

The review reported an OR of 1.32 when prenatal vitamin D was measured at 6 to 38 gestational weeks.

2 findings from 1 review

Absence of toothpaste use vs Toothpaste use

Dental caries · Primary school children in Ethiopia

Absence of toothpaste use was not significantly associated with dental caries (OR 1.42, 95% CI -1.278 to 4.109, p=0.3029; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Grade level 1-4 (first cycle) vs Grade level 5 or above

Dental caries · Primary school children in Ethiopia

Being in grade levels 1-4 was associated with higher odds of dental caries (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.523-3.397; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

High intake of sweets vs Lower/less intake of sweets

Dental caries · Primary school children in Ethiopia

A high intake of sweets was associated with higher odds of dental caries (OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.968-3.451; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Prenatal vitamin D level ≤35 nmol/L vs Adequate prenatal vitamin D (sufficient maternal 25(OH)D)

Dental caries · Children aged 2 to 8 years

The review reported a slightly higher odds ratio at maternal prenatal vitamin D ≤35 nmol/L than at ≤50 nmol/L, without a numeric value in the available sources.

1 finding from 1 review

History of toothache vs No history of toothache

Dental caries · Primary school children in Ethiopia

A history of toothache was associated with higher odds of dental caries (OR 2.99, 95% CI 2.679-3.314; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L) vs Normal vitamin D level (serum 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L)

Dental caries · Children (<19 years)

Children with vitamin D deficiency had a 22% higher risk of dental caries than those with normal vitamin D levels (unadjusted RR 1.22; ungraded).

5 findings from 1 review
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Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L) vs Normal vitamin D level (serum 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L)

Dental caries · Children with permanent dentition (>12 years)

In children with permanent dentition, vitamin D deficiency was associated with a 28% higher caries risk (RR 1.28; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review