Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

46 questions · 49 findings · 19 reviews · Neonatal

No studies found 7 · 14.3%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 10 · 20.4%Low 22 · 44.9%Moderate 7 · 14.3%High 3 · 6.1%

Inositol supplementation to preterm infants (repeat doses in any amount and any duration of treatment) vs control

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Inositol supplementation to preterm infants (repeat doses in any… showed no clear difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (at 36 to 38 weeks' PMA) compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bubble vs ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants receiving nasal CPAP

Bubble showed no clear difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared with ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled NO vs control

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia · respiratory failure in preterm infants

Inhaled NO showed no clear difference in death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks ‐ Studies with entry… compared with control (high certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Surfactant treatment guided by rapid tests for surfactant deficiency vs surfactant therapy provided to preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome diagnosed on clinical and radiologic criteria

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia or mortality ‐ not reported · preterm infants at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant treatment guided by rapid tests for surfactant deficiency vs surfactant therapy provided to preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome diagnosed on clinical and radiologic criteria

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Surfactant treatment guided by rapid tests for surfactant deficiency showed no clear difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia№ of participants: 562(3 RCTs) compared with surfactant therapy provided to preterm infants with respiratory… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early vs late continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support

It is very uncertain whether early changes bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age compared with late continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oxygen‐guided lung‐recruitment maneuver vs usual care

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants < 37 weeks' gestational age requiring conventional mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome

Oxygen‐guided lung‐recruitment maneuver showed no clear difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared with routine care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) vs surfactant administration via endotracheal tube (ETT) with the intent to rapidly extubate (InSurE)

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) showed no clear difference in death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared with surfactant administration via endotracheal tube (ETT) with the… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) vs no surfactant administration

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) showed no clear difference in death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared with no surfactant administration (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) vs surfactant administration through an endotracheal tube (S‐ETT)

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Alternative lipid emulsion (LE) vs S‐LE

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease · Parenterally fed preterm infants

It is very uncertain whether all alternative LE changes bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease compared with S‐LE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review · compare the 2 reviews