Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

73 questions · 73 findings · 34 reviews

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No studies found 19 · 26%GRADE not reported 2 · 2.7%Very low 15 · 20.5%Low 15 · 20.5%Moderate 13 · 17.8%High 9 · 12.3%

Vitamin K vs control

Adverse events · adults and children with cystic fibrosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K supplementation for cystic fibrosis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Adverse events ‐ Nephrolithiasis in trials using vitamin D3 combined with calcium · healthy participants or recruited among the general population; individuals diagnosed with a specific disease in a stable phase or with…

Vitamin D may leads to higher adverse events: nephrolithiasis in trials using vitamin… compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.17 [1.03, 1.34]
3 studies · 42753 participants
Low

Vitamin D vs placebo

Adverse events · people with sickle cell disease

Vitamin D showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for sickle cell disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.16 [0.14, 72.84]
1 study · 37 participants
Low

Vitamin D vs placebo

Serious adverse events · premenopausal women (age 18–32.7 years)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium and vitamin D for increasing bone mineral density in premenopausal women 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Serious adverse events · people with chronic liver diseases

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for chronic liver diseases in adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Non‐serious adverse events · people with chronic liver diseases

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for chronic liver diseases in adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Vitamin C vs placebo

Adverse events · healthy male physicians, period: 1997 to 2007 and female health professionals, period: 1998 to 2005

1 finding from 1 review

Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1 participants
High

Vitamin D vs placebo

Adverse events · people with diabetes and foot ulcers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

150,000 IU of vitamin D vs 300,000 IU of vitamin D

Adverse events · people with diabetes and foot ulcers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin C vs allopurinol

Total adverse events · participants with chronic gout and sUA level > 0.36mmol/L

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary supplements for chronic gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 40 participants
Low

Acupuncture plus NSAID plus vitamins vs NSAID plus vitamins

Adverse events · carpal tunnel syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture and related interventions for the treatment of symptoms associated with carpal tunnel syndrome 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin D plus calcium vs vitamin D

Adverse events (number) Asymptomatic hypercalcaemia and hypercalciuria

It is very uncertain whether vitamin D plus calcium changes adverse events (number) Definition: asymptomatic hypercalcaemia and… compared with vitamin D (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4.76 [0.24, 93.19]
1 study · 39 participants
Very low

Vitamin D 100,000 IU/month vs 12,000 IU/month

Adverse events · people with sickle cell disease

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for sickle cell disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 62 participants
Low

Low‐level laser therapy, wrist splint, and vitamin B6 vs placebo, wrist splint, and vitamin B6

Adverse events · carpal tunnel syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐level laser therapy for carpal tunnel syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin E vs placebo

Adverse events: haemorrhagic stroke · healthy people

Vitamin E leads to higher adverse events: haemorrhagic stroke compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 1.74 [1.04, 2.91]
1 study · 14641 participants
High

Vitamin A vs placebo

Adverse events: yellowing of the skin · healthy people and healthy male physicians

Vitamin A leads to higher adverse events: yellowing of the skin compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.14 [1.07, 1.21]
1 study · 22071 participants
High

Any‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (greater than 400 IU/day) vs supplemental‐dose vitamin D (less than 400 IU/day)

Withdrawals due to adverse events · people with inflammatory bowel disease

It is very uncertain whether any‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (greater than 400 IU/day) changes withdrawals due to adverse events compared with supplemental‐dose vitamin D (less than 400 IU/day) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.09 [0.13, 73.17]
4 studies · 233 participants
Very low

High‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (greater than 1000 IU/day) vs low‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (400 IU/day to 1000 IU/day)

Withdrawals due to adverse events · people with inflammatory bowel disease

It is very uncertain whether high‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (greater than 1000 IU/day) changes withdrawals due to adverse events compared with low‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (400 IU/day to 1000 IU/day) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.89 [0.06, 13.08]
3 studies · 104 participants
Very low

Vitamin C vs allopurinol

Withdrawals due to adverse events · participants with chronic gout and sUA level > 0.36mmol/L

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary supplements for chronic gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 40 participants
Low

hAMMSC‐CM + vitamin E vs hAMMSC‐CM + vitamin C

Adverse events associated with treatment · ulceration caused by nerve damage in leprosy

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 44 participants
Very low