Cochrane · systematic review · CD012664
Calcium and vitamin D for increasing bone mineral density in premenopausal women
Méndez-Sánchez, L, Clark, P, Winzenberg, TM, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2023 · Cochrane Library
MusculoskeletalAMSTAR 2: not assessed
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
21
current version
GRADE rated
7
No studies
14
Included studies
NR
No studies 14 · 66.7%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 3 · 14.3%Moderate 4 · 19%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Calcium compared to placebo for increasing bone mineral density in premenopausal women
Population: premenopausal women (age 18−47.3 years)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Total hip BMD Calcium vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 174 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Lumbar spine BMD (mean SD and % change) Calcium vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 202 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Quality of life Calcium vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vertebral fracture Calcium vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Non‐vertebral fracture Calcium vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Withdrawals from the study for any reason Calcium vs placebo | RR 0.78 [0.52, 1.16] | 4 studies · 261 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Serious adverse events Calcium vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vitamin D compared to placebo for increasing bone mineral density in premenopausal women
Population: premenopausal women (age 18–32.7 years)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Total hip BMD Vitamin D vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lumbar spine BMD Vitamin D vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Quality of life Vitamin D vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vertebral fracture Vitamin D vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Non‐vertebral fracture Vitamin D vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Withdrawals from the study for any reason Vitamin D vs placebo | RR 0.74 [0.46, 1.19] | 2 studies · 189 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Serious adverse events Vitamin D vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Calcium and vitamin D compared to placebo for increasing bone mineral density in premenopausal women
Population: premenopausal women (ages 18–36 years)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Total hip BMD Calcium and vitamin D vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 408 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Lumbar spine BMD Calcium and vitamin D vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 76 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Quality of life Calcium and vitamin D vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vertebral fracture Calcium and vitamin D vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Non‐vertebral fracture Calcium and vitamin D vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Withdrawals from the study for any reason Calcium and vitamin D vs placebo | RR 0.82 [0.29, 2.35] | 2 studies · 541 participants | Low Downgraded: inconsistency |
Serious adverse events Calcium and vitamin D vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |