Cochrane · systematic review · CD002141
Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people
Cortés‐Jofré, M, Rueda, JR, Asenjo‐Lobos, C, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2020 · Cochrane Library
Lung CancerAMSTAR 2: not assessed
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
46
current version
GRADE rated
38
No studies
8
Included studies
NR
No studies 8 · 17.4%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 6 · 13%Moderate 3 · 6.5%High 29 · 63%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Vitamin A compared to placebo for preventing lung cancer in healthy people
Population: healthy people and healthy male physicians
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Incidence: lung cancer Vitamin A vs placebo | RR 1.09 [1, 1.19] | 5 studies · 212314 participants | High |
Mortality: lung cancer Vitamin A vs placebo | RR 1.06 [0.81, 1.38] | 3 studies · 190118 participants | High |
Adverse events: yellowing of the skin Vitamin A vs placebo | RR 1.14 [1.07, 1.21] | 1 study · 22071 participants | High |
Adverse events: minor gastrointestinal symptoms Vitamin A vs placebo | RR 2.22 [1.8, 2.74] | 1 study · 22071 participants | High |
Incidence: all cancers Vitamin A vs placebo | RR 1.02 [0.97, 1.07] | 3 studies · 44267 participants | High |
Mortality: all cancers Vitamin A vs placebo | RR 1.02 [0.88, 1.77] | 1 study · 22071 participants | High |
Mortality: all causes ‐ smokers and asbestos workers Vitamin A vs placebo | RR 1.09 [1.05, 1.13] | 2 studies · 32883 participants | High |
Vitamin C compared to placebo for preventing lung cancer in healthy people
Population: healthy male physicians, period: 1997 to 2007 and female health professionals, period: 1998 to 2005
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Incidence: lung cancer Vitamin C vs placebo | RR 1.29 [0.67, 2.49] | 2 studies · 14953 participants | Moderate Downgraded: inconsistency |
Incidence: lung cancer ‐ men Vitamin C vs placebo | RR 0.94 [0.64, 1.38] | 1 study · 7326 participants | High |
Incidence: lung cancer ‐ women Vitamin C vs placebo | RR 1.84 [1.14, 2.95] | 1 study · 7627 participants | High |
Mortality: lung cancer ‐ men Vitamin C vs placebo | RR 0.81 [0.53, 1.23] | 1 study · 7326 participants | High |
Adverse events Vitamin C vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1 participants | High |
Incidence: all cancers Vitamin C vs placebo | RR 1.03 [0.94, 1.13] | 2 studies · 14953 participants | High |
Mortality: all cancers Vitamin C vs placebo | RR 1.11 [0.93, 1.34] | 2 studies · 14953 participants | High |
Vitamin D plus calcium compared to placebo for preventing lung cancer in healthy people
Population: healthy postmenopausal women
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Incidence: lung cancer Vitamin D plus calcium vs placebo | RR 0.9 [0.39, 2.08] | 3 studies · 37061 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Mortality: lung cancer Vitamin D plus calcium vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adverse events: renal calculi Vitamin D plus calcium vs placebo | RR 1.49 [0.7, 3.17] | 2 studies · 2931 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Adverse events: serum calcium above normal Vitamin D plus calcium vs placebo | RR 2.98 [0.6, 14.74] | 1 study · 2197 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Incidence: all cancers Vitamin D plus calcium vs placebo | RR 0.73 [0.48, 1.11] | 3 studies · 37061 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Mortality: all cancers Vitamin D plus calcium vs placebo | RR 0.91 [0.78, 1.05] | 1 study · 34670 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Mortality: all causes Vitamin D plus calcium vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vitamin E compared to placebo for preventing lung cancer in healthy people
Population: healthy people
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Incidence: lung cancer Vitamin E vs placebo | RR 1.01 [0.9, 1.14] | 3 studies · 36841 participants | High |
Mortality: lung cancer Vitamin E vs placebo | RR 0.96 [0.77, 1.18] | 2 studies · 29214 participants | High |
Adverse events: haemorrhagic stroke Vitamin E vs placebo | HR 1.74 [1.04, 2.91] | 1 study · 14641 participants | High |
Incidence: all cancers Vitamin E vs placebo | RR 0.99 [0.94, 1.04] | 3 studies · 36832 participants | High |
Mortality: all cancers Vitamin E vs placebo | RR 1.11 [0.99, 1.24] | 2 studies · 54517 participants | High |
Mortality: all causes Vitamin E vs placebo | RR 1.03 [0.99, 1.07] | 3 studies · 69090 participants | High |
Calcium compared to placebo for preventing lung cancer in healthy people
Population: white healthy postmenopausal women over 55 years
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Incidence: lung cancer ‐ women Calcium vs placebo | RR 0.65 [0.13, 3.18] | 1 study · 733 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Mortality: lung cancer Calcium vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adverse events: renal calculi Calcium vs placebo | RR 1.94 [0.2, 18.57] | 1 study · 733 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Incidence: all cancers Calcium vs placebo | RR 0.55 [0.29, 1.03] | 1 study · 733 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Mortality: all cancers Calcium vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mortality: all causes Calcium vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Selenium compared to placebo for preventing lung cancer in healthy people
Population: healthy men
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Incidence: lung cancer Selenium vs placebo | RR 1.11 [0.8, 1.54] | 1 study · 17448 participants | High |
Mortality: lung cancer Selenium vs placebo | 1.09 [0.72, 1.66] | 1 study · 17448 participants | High |
Adverse events: alopecia Selenium vs placebo | RR 1.28 [1.07, 1.53] | 1 study · 17448 participants | High |
adverse events: grade 1 to 2 dermatitis Selenium vs placebo | RR 1.16 [1.04, 1.31] | 1 study · 17448 participants | High |
Incidence: all cancers Selenium vs placebo | RR 1.01 [0.92, 1.11] | 1 study · 17448 participants | High |
Mortality: all cancers Selenium vs placebo | RR 1.02 [0.8, 1.3] | 1 study · 17448 participants | High |
Mortality: all causes Selenium vs placebo | RR 0.98 [0.86, 1.13] | 1 study · 17448 participants | High |
Vitamins A, C, E + selenium + zinc compared to placebo for preventing lung cancer in healthy people
Population: healthy women, aged 35 to 60, and men, aged 45 to 60, living in France
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Incidence: lung cancer Vitamins A, C, E + selenium + zinc vs placebo | RR 0.64 [0.28, 1.48] | 1 study · 12741 participants | High |
Mortality: lung cancer Vitamins A, C, E + selenium + zinc vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adverse events Vitamins A, C, E + selenium + zinc vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Incidence: all cancers Vitamins A, C, E + selenium + zinc vs placebo | RR 0.96 [0.83, 1.1] | 1 study · 12741 participants | High |
Mortality: all cancers Vitamins A, C, E + selenium + zinc vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mortality: all causes Vitamins A, C, E + selenium + zinc vs placebo | RR 0.88 [0.7, 1.11] | 1 study · 12741 participants | High |