Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

42 questions · 44 findings · 18 reviews

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No studies found 22 · 50%GRADE not reported 5 · 11.4%Very low 14 · 31.8%Low 2 · 4.5%Moderate 1 · 2.3%High 0 · 0%

Summary of findings: ACBT vs PEP mask therapy

Adverse events · adults and children with cystic fibrosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Active cycle of breathing technique for cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: ACBT vs OD

Adverse events · adults and children with cystic fibrosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Active cycle of breathing technique for cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: ACBT vs other breathing techniques

Adverse events · adults and children with cystic fibrosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Active cycle of breathing technique for cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: ACBT vs CCPT

Adverse events · adults and children with cystic fibrosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Active cycle of breathing technique for cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: ACBT vs exercise

Adverse events · adults and children with cystic fibrosis

1 finding from 1 review

Active cycle of breathing technique for cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 19 participants
Very low

CBT with therapist support vs fatigue information leaflet only

Adverse events · IBD patients

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Therapist‐supported ICBT vs waiting list, attention, information, or online discussion group only control

Adverse events at post‐treatment not reported · patients with anxiety disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Therapist‐supported Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

CBT plus standard care vs usual care

Adverse events experienced at short or long term ‐ general adverse events 24 weeks' · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether COMPARISON 1: CBT+ STANDARD CARE changes adverse events: General: any adverse event compared with STANDARD CARE ALONE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care versus standard care for people with schizophrenia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.44 [0.27, 0.72]
2 studies · 146 participants
Very low

Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + placebo vs placebo or supportive treatment

Adverse effects: specific ‐ doctors' assessment of adverse effects UKU (events) Medium‐term · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes adverse effects: specific ‐ doctors' assessment of adverse effects… compared with supportive therapy + placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.39 [0.61, 3.18]
1 study · 51 participants
Very low

Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + risperidone vs placebo or supportive treatment

Adverse effects: specific ‐ doctors' assessment of adverse effects UKU (events) Medium‐term · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes adverse effects: doctors' assessment of adverse effects UKU (events)… compared with supportive therapy + placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.43 [0.64, 3.16]
1 study · 58 participants
Very low

CBT with therapist support vs fatigue information leaflet only

Serious adverse events · IBD patients

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs no specific treatment

Risk for at least one adverse event per patient · schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy without medication for schizophrenia 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs antipsychotics

Risk for at least one adverse event per patient · schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics changes adverse events ‐ Participants with at least one AE (separated time… compared with antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy without medication for schizophrenia 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.47 [0.21, 1.07]
1 study · 40 participants
Very low

CBT with therapist support vs fatigue information leaflet only

Withdrawals due to adverse events · IBD patients

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Individual TF‐CBT vs Brief PTSD psychoeducation

Adverse events ‐ incidents of unspecified severe adverse events · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Individual TF‐CBT vs EMDR

Adverse events ‐ incidents of unspecified severe events ‐ medium term · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Individual TF‐CBT vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Adverse events ‐ incidents of unspecified severe adverse events ‐ medium term · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 100 participants
Low

CBT vs AC

AEs · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 689 participants
Very low

Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapy (I‐C/BT) vs face‐to‐face non‐CBT

Adverse events · adults aged ≥ 16 years with PTSD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Behavioural activation vs CBT

adverse events (16 weeks) · depression in adults

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural activation therapy for depression in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 398 participants
Moderate