Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,514 questions · 1,543 findings · 649 reviews

No studies found 224 · 14.5%GRADE not reported 105 · 6.8%Very low 383 · 24.8%Low 447 · 29%Moderate 293 · 19%High 91 · 5.9%

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

Adverse events · people with alcohol withdrawal

Benzodiazepine showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticonvulsant vs placebo

Adverse events · people with alcohol withdrawal

Anticonvulsant showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acetaminophen plus Diphenhydrammine vs placebo (Unit of randomisation: transfusion)

Adverse events · patients with requirement of prophylaxis to avoid allergic and febrile non‐haemolytic transfusion reactions

Acetaminophen plus Diphenhydrammine led to lower adverse events compared with placebo (Unit of randomisation: transfusion); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Acetaminophen plus Diphenhydramine vs placebo

Adverse events · patients with requirement of prophylaxis to avoid allergic and febrile non‐haemolytic transfusion reactions

Acetaminophen plus Diphenhydramine led to lower adverse events compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Calcitonin (salmon calcitonin nasal spray 200 IU/day) vs placebo

Adverse events · Patients with histologically confirmed CGCG in one or both jaws and normal serum calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels
1 finding from 1 review
  • Adverse events were not described separately for each group. Trialists reported that adverse events were in most patients minimal and consisted of nausea, flushes and some dizziness. One patient had diarrhoea which…
    1 study · 14 participants
    GRADE not reported

Cetylpyridinium chloride + essential oils + chlorine dioxide + zinc mouthrinse (Breath Rx) vs placebo

Adverse events · Adults over 18 years with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis, without significant comorbidity (e.g. diabetes) or…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Mouthrinses for the treatment of halitosis 2008 · Cochrane All outcomes
    4 weeks
    Borden 2002: 13 adverse events were reported in the trial, but the investigators concluded that none were likely to be related to product usage.
    1 study
    GRADE not reported