Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

584 questions · 590 findings · 240 reviews

No studies found 106 · 18%GRADE not reported 94 · 15.9%Very low 137 · 23.2%Low 134 · 22.7%Moderate 98 · 16.6%High 21 · 3.6%

Zonisamide vs placebo

Frequency of adverse effects ‐ dizziness ( · people with focal epilepsy

Zonisamide probably leads to higher adverse effects: dizziness (whole treatment period; any dose) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A supplementation (200,000 to 400,000 IU) vs placebo or no treatment

Adverse effects on women: abdominal cramps · women in the postpartum period

Vitamin A supplementation (200,000 to 400,000 IU) showed no clear difference in maternal adverse effects after administration: abdominal pain compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Zonisamide vs placebo

Somnolence · people with focal epilepsy

Zonisamide probably leads to higher adverse effects: somnolence (whole treatment period; any dose) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled tobramycin (TNS) vs placebo

Adverse effects of antibiotics: participants experiencing cough · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of P aeruginosa from a respiratory tract specimen

It is very uncertain whether inhaled tobramycin (TNS) changes adverse effects of antibiotics: participants experiencing cough compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Other methods (pooled: ART/glass ionomer cement, nano-silver fluoride, sodium fluoride varnish, placebo)

Adverse effects (tooth staining and other side effects) · Children and adults with active dental caries (aged 1-50; mostly preschool/school children with primary dentition)

SDF commonly causes black staining of arrested lesions; only mild, transient adverse events were reported, with no major adverse events (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Gabapentin vs placebo

Adverse effects: ataxia Number of participants experiencing ataxia · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

Gabapentin may leads to higher adverse effects: ataxiaNumber of participants experiencing ataxia compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vigabatrin vs placebo

Ataxia · people (aged 10–64 years) with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

It is very uncertain whether vigabatrin changes adverse effects: ataxia Duration of treatment (range): 7–36 weeks compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review