Cochrane · systematic review · CD002750
Calcium antagonists as an add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant epilepsy
Hasan, M, Pulman, J, Marson, AG · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2013 · Cochrane Library
EpilepsyAMSTAR 2: not assessed
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
9
current version
GRADE rated
9
No studies
0
Included studies
NR
No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 3 · 33.3%High 6 · 66.7%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Flunarizine versus placebo for drug‐resistant epilepsy
Population: patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency Number of seizures Flunarizine vs placebo | RR 1.53 [0.59, 3.96] | 1 study · 93 participants | High |
Treatment withdrawal Number of withdrawals Flunarizine vs placebo | RR 7.11 [1.73, 29.3] | 4 studies · 247 participants | Moderate |
Adverse effects ‐ Blurred vision No of patients with blurred vision Flunarizine vs placebo | RR 4.09 [0.85, 19.73] | 1 study · 93 participants | High |
Adverse effects ‐ Dizziness No of patients with dizziness Flunarizine vs placebo | RR 1.82 [0.72, 4.61] | 1 study · 93 participants | High |
Adverse effects ‐ Fatigue No of patients with fatigue Flunarizine vs placebo | RR 1.66 [0.59, 4.64] | 1 study · 93 participants | High |
Adverse effects ‐ Irritability No of patients with irritability Flunarizine vs placebo | RR 3.07 [0.6, 15.68] | 1 study · 93 participants | High |
Adverse effects ‐ Vomiting No of patients with vomiting Flunarizine vs placebo | RR 4.09 [0.57, 29.16] | 1 study · 93 participants | High |
Nimodipine versus placebo for drug‐resistant epilepsy
Population: patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency Number of seizures Nimodipine vs placebo | RR 7.78 [0.46, 130.88] | 1 study · 17 participants | Moderate |
Treatment withdrawal Number of withdrawals Nimodipine vs placebo | RR 2.25 [0.25, 20.38] | 1 study · 17 participants | Moderate |