What do systematic reviews say?

Oral vs intramuscular vitamin B12

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral vitamin B₁₂ versus intramuscular vitamin B₁₂ for vitamin B₁₂ deficiency 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Oral-health promotion programs (OHPPs): community-based oral-health education/training, supervised toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste and topical fluoride, dental screening, and dietary advice vs No oral health promotion program

Oral health promotion programs have a positive effect on OHRQoL in adolescents (narrative synthesis; low methodological quality of included evidence; no pooled estimate or GRADE rating).

• Oral-health-related quality of life in adolescents: umbrella review. 2023 All outcomes

  Community/school/clinic settings; adolescents 10-19 years; included reviews conducted in multiple countries
  It was observed that health promotion programs have a positive effect on OHRQoL. Studies showed positive effects of OHPP on adolescentes OHRQoL with low methodological quality [38].
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported
• Oral-health-related quality of life in adolescents: umbrella review. 2023 All outcomes
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

Theory-based oral health education/promotion interventions (HBM, TPB, SCT, HAPA, TTM, PMT, SOC, PRECEDE-PROCEED, MI) vs Control (waitlist, routine/standard oral health education, or minimal intervention)

Theory-based interventions significantly improved oral health-related quality of life (SMD 7.38; low certainty), with very high heterogeneity.

• Health promotion theory-based educational interventions for improving oral health in children and adolescents: a… 2025 All outcomes

  Post-intervention (follow-up 0.5 to 12 months, varies by study) · School-based and community settings; multiple countries (predominantly Iran; also Pakistan, Hong Kong, Lithuania, Thailand) · Overall
  SMD 7.38 [5.57, 9.19]
  4 studies · 4751 participants
  Low

Educational intervention with information and practical components (theoretical oral health education plus practical skills training) for nursing staff and/or residents vs (Optimised) usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral health educational interventions for nursing home staff and residents 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  SoF row 'Oral health-related quality of life': Illustrative risks -, relative effect -, participants/studies -, quality -; Comment: Outcome not reported. Not measured in any included study.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed ice held in the mouth during cancer treatment) vs no intervention or control intervention (control)

• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: oral cryotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  High-dose melphalan-based treatment prior to HSCT (haematological cancers)
  Summary of findings 2 (melphalan/HSCT): Quality of life - '1 study assessed this outcome but the data are currently unavailable as the study report and analysis have not yet been completed' (Toro 2013; measured with…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported
• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: oral cryotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Fluorouracil (5FU) treatment for solid cancers
  Summary of findings for the main comparison (5FU solid cancers): Quality of life - 'No studies assessed this outcome'.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Oral iron vs inactive control

• Iron therapy in anaemic adults without chronic kidney disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 276 participants
  Very low

Oral + inhaled dual therapy vs oral monotherapy

• Dual antibiotics for bronchiectasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Professional oral care vs Usual oral care

Professional oral care led to higher change in data on economics and quality of life compared with usual oral care; GRADE not reported.

• Oral care measures for preventing nursing home‐acquired pneumonia 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes

  24 months
  MD 1.5 [0.32, 2.68]
  1 study · 322 participants
  GRADE not reported

Oral NSAIDs vs glucocorticoid injection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Oral NSAIDs vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Any antifungal intervention for the treatment of oral candidiasis vs Placebo, no treatment, or another active antifungal intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
  None of the studies reported: relief of pain, relief of dysphagia, incidence of systemic infection, amount of analgesia, days stay in hospital, cost of oral care, patient quality of life.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Educational intervention with information and practical components (theoretical oral health education plus practical skills training) for nursing staff and/or residents vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No study reported useable data
  0 studies
  No studies found

Motivational interview plus oral health education vs Oral health education

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No study reported useable data
  0 studies
  No studies found

Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and oral NSAID vs oral NSAID

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy plus standard care (surgery, antibiotics, oral rinse) vs Standard care alone (surgery, antibiotics, oral rinse)

• Interventions for treating bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Baseline and 6 months
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 49 participants
  GRADE not reported

Oral steroids vs no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Topical and oral steroids for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Oral antibiotics vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral antibiotics for chronic blepharitis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Oral ciclosporin vs azathioprine (AZA)

• Interventions for cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Oral antibiotics vs IV antibiotics

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intravenous antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations in people with cystic fibrosis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Oral methotrexate vs oral chloroquine

• Interventions for cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported