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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,323 questions · 5,762 findings · 263 reviews · Dental caries

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No studies found 321 · 5.6%GRADE not reported 4,450 · 77.2%Very low 455 · 7.9%Low 297 · 5.2%Moderate 200 · 3.5%High 39 · 0.7%

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Laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent 2190/pen) vs Histological validation (serial sectioning, grinding, hemisection, or microradiography)

Diagnostic accuracy for occlusal caries detection at the caries detection level (D0 versus D1-D4) · Extracted human permanent posterior teeth (premolars and molars), occlusal (pit-and-fissure) surfaces

In in vitro, laser fluorescence pen (2190) pooled sensitivity was 0.78 (95% CI 0.44 to 0.94) for occlusal caries at the caries detection level; ungraded.

4 findings from 1 review
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Selective carious tissue removal (selective excavation, SE) vs Stepwise carious tissue removal (SW)

Efficiency, costs or cost-effectiveness · Children and/or adults with permanent or primary teeth, vital (sensitive) pulps, and cavitated or dentine carious lesions conventionally…
1 finding from 1 review

Other visual classification systems (unspecified or unique systems, e.g. Nyvad, Downer, Lussi, UniViSS) vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, radiographs/microCT, or tooth separation)

Sensitivity for detection of enamel caries · Asymptomatic children, adolescents, or adults presenting for clinical examination (in vivo studies), or extracted teeth of children or…
1 finding from 1 review

Visual caries detection (ICDAS visual/visual-tactile inspection) vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, radiographs/microCT, or tooth separation)

Sensitivity for detection of enamel caries · Asymptomatic children, adolescents, or adults presenting for clinical examination (in vivo studies), or extracted teeth of children or…
1 finding from 1 review

Crohn's disease (CD) vs Healthy controls without IBD

Periodontal disease (periodontitis) coincidence · Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and controls without IBD; adults, both sexes

Patients with Crohn's disease have about 2-fold higher odds of periodontal disease than controls (pooled OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.59-2.78; 5 studies; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Any of the interventions (CR, SE, SW, sealing with sealant materials, Hall Technique, or NRCC) vs Each other, placebo, or no treatment

Subjective evaluation of the treatments by participants · Children and/or adults with permanent or primary teeth, vital (sensitive) pulps, and cavitated or dentine carious lesions conventionally…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Edentulous (0 remaining teeth) vs 20-32 remaining teeth

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD)-related events (morbidity and mortality) · Adults (any age) with a known number of remaining teeth, followed prospectively in cohort studies

In prospective cohorts, edentulous adults (0 teeth) had a higher cumulative incidence of ACVD-related events than adults with 20-32 teeth (RR 2.65, 95% CI 1.77 to 3.98; 2 cohort studies, I2=60%); GRADE per-analysis ratings reported in Supplementary File 7 (not available in provided sources).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta-thalassemia major vs Healthy Emirati children

Oral health status (caries, calculus, gingivitis) · Children with beta-thalassemia major in Dubai

One study found higher caries and calculus but lower gingivitis and restorative care in children with beta-thalassemia major compared with healthy Emirati children (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral hygiene knowledge and practices assessment vs None (descriptive prevalence review; subgroup analyses by urban/rural status, country and year)

Oral hygiene knowledge and practices · Children and adolescents in the United Arab Emirates

Oral hygiene knowledge and practices among UAE children and adolescents were generally suboptimal and variable across studies, with better practices among females (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

COE with blood/salivary (biomarker) analysis vs COE with vital rinsing (toluidine blue/tolonium chloride)

Outcome not reported · Apparently healthy adults not reporting symptoms of OPMD or OSCC, attending an organised screening or surveillance programme, or screened…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Digital bitewing radiography, sensor-based (CCD/CMOS) vs Direct visual examination after tooth separation or bioptical cavity preparation

Diagnostic accuracy for proximal caries detection (dentin detection level) · Patients with permanent posterior teeth, proximal surfaces assessed clinically (in vivo)

Under in vivo conditions, sensor-based digital bitewing radiography had a pooled sensitivity of 0.96 (95% CI 0.91, 0.98) for proximal caries detection at the dentin detection level; ungraded.

4 findings from 1 review
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Higher number of lost teeth (per one additional lost tooth) vs Fewer lost teeth (continuous, per-tooth increment)

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD)-related events (morbidity and mortality) · Adults (any age) with a known number of remaining teeth, followed prospectively in cohort studies

Each additional lost tooth was associated with a multivariable-adjusted HR of 1.02 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.03) for ACVD-related events (13 studies, I2=75%), statistically significant; GRADE per-analysis ratings reported in Supplementary File 7 (not available in provided sources).

3 findings from 1 review

Visual or visual-tactile classification systems (any system: ICDAS, ERK, Nyvad, Downer, Lussi, UniViSS, or unspecified) vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, radiographs/microCT, or tooth separation)

Diagnostic accuracy in previously restored teeth (secondary caries) · Asymptomatic children, adolescents, or adults presenting for clinical examination (in vivo studies), or extracted teeth of children or…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Visual or visual‐tactile examination to detect and inform the diagnosis of enamel caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) · Previously restored teeth (secondary caries)
    Only one study (Kim 2017) intentionally included restored teeth in its sample; the pre-specified secondary-caries subgroup analysis could not be performed, no summary estimate reported.
    1 study
    GRADE not reported