Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

28 questions · 28 findings · 19 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 2 · 7.1%GRADE not reported 3 · 10.7%Very low 8 · 28.6%Low 5 · 17.9%Moderate 7 · 25%High 3 · 10.7%

Intervention not reported

Mortality All‐cause death · Pregnant women (parity 0‐1)

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes mortality All‐cause death (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Drugs for preventing malaria in pregnant women in endemic areas: any drug regimen versus placebo or no treatment 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.15 [0.44, 3.06]
3 studies · 2097 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Mortality All‐cause death · Pregnant women (parity 2+)

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes mortality All‐cause death (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Drugs for preventing malaria in pregnant women in endemic areas: any drug regimen versus placebo or no treatment 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.47 [0.42, 5.21]
1 study · 2239 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Mortality All‐cause death · Pregnant women (all parities)

The intervention showed no clear difference in mortality All‐cause death (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Drugs for preventing malaria in pregnant women in endemic areas: any drug regimen versus placebo or no treatment 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.84 [0.25, 2.74]
4 studies · 6026 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Mortality All‐cause death · Pregnant women (parity 0‐1)

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes mortality All‐cause death (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Drugs for preventing malaria in pregnant women in endemic areas: any drug regimen versus placebo or no treatment 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.15 [0.44, 3.06]
2 studies · 2097 participants
Very low

Montelukast vs placebo

All‐cause mortality Deaths · children with acute bronchiolitis

Montelukast showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality Deaths compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Leukotriene inhibitors for bronchiolitis in infants and young children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.51 [0.12, 52.16]
1 study · 952 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Mortality: all‐cause deaths · adults with intermittent claudication

The intervention showed no clear difference in mortality: all‐cause deaths (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise for intermittent claudication 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.92 [0.39, 2.17]
5 studies · 540 participants
Moderate

High vs low long‐chain omega‐3 fats

All‐cause mortality – deaths · adults with or without existing CVD

High showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality – deaths compared with low long‐chain omega‐3 fats (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.93, 1.01]
45 studies · 143693 participants
High

High vs low ALA omega‐3 fats

All‐cause mortality – deaths · adults with or without existing CVD

High showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality – deaths compared with low alpha‐linolenic acid omega‐3 fats (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.84, 1.2]
5 studies · 19327 participants
Moderate

Intervention vs usual care

All‐cause mortality (deaths) Â · COPD and at least one other long‐term condition

It is very uncertain whether intervention changes all‐cause mortality (deaths) Â compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tailored or adapted interventions for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and at least one other… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.55 [0.23, 1.35]
2 studies · 177 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

All‐cause mortality Death reports · Children with HIV infection

The intervention probably leads to lower all‐cause mortality Death reports (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Micronutrient supplementation for children with HIV infection 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.55 [0.37, 0.82]
3 studies · 262 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

All‐cause mortality (death from any cause)

The intervention showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (death from any cause) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative glycaemic control for people with diabetes undergoing surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.08 [0.88, 1.33]
18 studies · 2551 participants
High

Home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders vs placebo or no intervention

All‐cause mortality (number of deaths during trial) · preschool and school‐age children

1 finding from 1 review

Point‐of‐use fortification of foods with micronutrient powders containing iron in children of preschool and school‐age 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 115 participants
Low

Peginterferon alpha‐2a vs peginterferon alpha‐2b

All‐cause mortality Deaths during and after the treatment · people with chronic hepatitis C

It is very uncertain whether peginterferon alpha‐2a changes all‐cause mortality Deaths during and after the treatment compared with peginterferon alpha‐2b (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Peginterferon alpha‐2a versus peginterferon alpha‐2b for chronic hepatitis C 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.97 [0.64, 6.08]
1 study · 3070 participants
Very low

Continuous glucose monitoring system vs intermittent modalities

All‐cause mortality during initial hospitalization ‐ not reported · infants at risk of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) changes death during initial hospitalization (all‐cause mortality) compared with intermittent modalities (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Continuous glucose monitoring for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.59 [0.16, 2.13]
2 studies · 230 participants
Very low

Early vs deferred AST

Time to death from any cause (here: overall mortality at 12‐month · advanced hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer

Early probably leads to lower time to death of any cause (here: all‐cause mortality at 5 years) compared with deferred AST (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early versus deferred standard androgen suppression therapy for advanced hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.82 [0.75, 0.9]
10 studies · 4767 participants
Moderate

Alpha2‐adrenergic agonist vs control

All‐cause mortality (within 30‐days after surgery: any reported death) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Alpha‐2 adrenergic agonists for the prevention of cardiac complications among adults undergoing surgery 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 14081 participants
High

Alpha2‐adrenergic agonist vs control

All‐cause mortality (within 30‐days after surgery: any reported death) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery

Alpha‐2 adrenergic agonists showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (within 30‐days after surgery: any reported death) compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alpha‐2 adrenergic agonists for the prevention of cardiac complications among adults undergoing surgery 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.52 [0.26, 1.04]
16 studies · 1947 participants
Moderate

Two per cent CHG vs alcohol hand sanitiser (61% alcohol and emollients)

Late neonatal mortality · Neonates and caregivers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Hand hygiene for the prevention of infections in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Alcohol‐based handrub vs usual care

Late neonatal mortality · Neonates and caregivers

It is very uncertain whether alcohol‐based handrub changes all‐cause mortality from the 8th to 28th day of life (late neonatal… compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hand hygiene for the prevention of infections in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.29 [0.01, 7]
1 study · 103 participants
Very low

Two per cent CHG vs alcohol hand sanitiser (61% alcohol and emollients)

Early neonatal mortality · Neonates and caregivers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Hand hygiene for the prevention of infections in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found