What do systematic reviews say?

Gabapentin vs placebo

• Gabapentin for fibromyalgia pain in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 150 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Dipeptidyl‐peptidase (DPP)‐4 inhibitors and glucagon‐like peptide (GLP)‐1 analogues for prevention or delay of type 2… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 2312 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Dipeptidyl‐peptidase (DPP)‐4 inhibitors and glucagon‐like peptide (GLP)‐1 analogues for prevention or delay of type 2… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 179 participants
  Very low

NSAIDs vs placebo

• Oral nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for fibromyalgia in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Amitriptyline vs placebo

• Antidepressants for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 123 participants
  Very low

Citalopram vs placebo

• Antidepressants for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 115 participants
  Very low

Amitriptyline vs gabapentin

• Antidepressants for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 34 participants
  Very low

Pregabalin vs placebo

• Antiepileptic drugs for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 107 participants
  Very low

Gabapentin vs amitriptyline

• Antiepileptic drugs for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 34 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Oral paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 93 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Oral nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for cancer pain in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  11 studies · 949 participants
  Very low

Azathioprine vs infliximab

Azathioprine showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with infliximab (moderate certainty).

• Azathioprine or 6‐mercaptopurine for induction of remission in Crohn's disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.12 [0.77, 1.62]
  1 study · 324 participants
  Moderate

Azathioprine + infliximab vs infliximab

Azathioprine + infliximab probably leads to lower serious adverse events compared with infliximab (moderate certainty).

• Azathioprine or 6‐mercaptopurine for induction of remission in Crohn's disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.63 [0.41, 0.98]
  1 study · 342 participants
  Moderate

Azathioprine or 6‐mercaptopurine vs placebo

Azathioprine or 6‐mercaptopurine showed no clear difference in serious Adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Azathioprine or 6‐mercaptopurine for induction of remission in Crohn's disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.57 [0.92, 7.13]
  2 studies · 216 participants
  Low

Bisphosphonates vs control

Bisphosphonates showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with control (low certainty).

• Bisphosphonates for steroid‐induced osteoporosis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.91 [0.74, 1.12]
  15 studies · 1703 participants
  Low

Non‐absorbable disaccharides vs placebo or no intervention

Non‐absorbable disaccharides probably leads to lower serious adverse events compared with placebo/no intervention (moderate certainty).

• Non‐absorbable disaccharides versus placebo/no intervention and lactulose versus lactitol for the prevention and… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.47 [0.36, 0.6]
  24 studies · 1487 participants
  Moderate

Lactulose vs lactitol

It is very uncertain whether lactulose changes serious adverse events compared with lactitol (very low certainty).

• Non‐absorbable disaccharides versus placebo/no intervention and lactulose versus lactitol for the prevention and… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.56 [0.84, 2.88]
  9 studies · 245 participants
  Very low

5‐ASA vs placebo

5‐ASA showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Oral 5‐aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.43 [0.24, 8.44]
  3 studies · 576 participants
  Low

Hypertonic salt vs isotonic salt solution

• Hypertonic salt solution for peri‐operative fluid management 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  18 studies · 1087 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Topical NSAIDs for chronic musculoskeletal pain in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  30 participants
  Very low