Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,949 questions · 1,994 findings · 636 reviews

No studies found 504 · 25.3%GRADE not reported 340 · 17.1%Very low 477 · 23.9%Low 390 · 19.6%Moderate 241 · 12.1%High 42 · 2.1%

Xylitol syrup (high dose, 8 g/day) vs Control (low-dose xylitol, 2.67 g/day) syrup

Adverse effects (loose stools, diarrhoea) · Infants (primary teeth; baseline about 9 to 15 months)
1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: catgut implantation at acupoints plus antiepileptic drugs vs antiepileptic drugs alone

Frequency of adverse effects ‐ anorexia ( · people with epilepsy

Summary of findings: catgut implantation at acupoints plus… showed no clear difference in frequency of adverse effects ‐ anorexia ( compared with antiepileptic drugs alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pericyazine vs atypical antipsychotics

Adverse effects: any observed extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ short term (up to 6 months) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether pericyazine changes adverse Effects ‐ Extrapyramidal symptoms compared with atypical antipsychotic (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Participants experiencing adverse effects · patients with opioid withdrawal

The intervention probably leads to higher participants experiencing adverse effects (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol (single administration, any dose) vs placebo

Maternal drug adverse effects (sleepiness) · women with perineal pain following childbirth

Paracetamol (single administration, any dose) showed no clear difference in maternal drug adverse effects (sleepiness) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laxative vs placebo

Adverse effects on women: abdominal cramps · women in the postpartum period

Laxative may leads to higher adverse effects on women: abdominal cramps compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse effects: gastrointestinal bleeding · children and adults with acute bacterial meningitis

The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse effects: gastrointestinal bleeding (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis vs no treatment or placebo

Adverse effects of antibiotics (skin rash) · Women who had normal vaginal births

It is very uncertain whether routine antibiotic prophylaxis changes adverse effects of antibiotics (skin rash) compared with no treatment or placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: needle acupuncture vs valproate

Frequency of adverse effects ‐ dizziness ( · participants with epilepsy (one included study only recruited children with absence epilepsy while another included study recruited both…

Summary of findings: needle acupuncture showed no clear difference in frequency of adverse effects ‐ dizziness ( compared with valproate (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: catgut implantation at acupoints vs valproate

Frequency of adverse effects ‐ dizziness ( · participants with generalised epilepsy

Summary of findings: catgut implantation at acupoints showed no clear difference in frequency of adverse effects ‐ dizziness ( compared with valproate (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: needle acupuncture plus valproate vs valproate

Frequency of adverse effects ‐ dizziness ( · participants with generalised epilepsy

Summary of findings: needle acupuncture plus valproate showed no clear difference in frequency of adverse effects ‐ dizziness ( compared with valproate alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Manual acupuncture vs cisapride

Adverse effects Discomfort after treatment · patients with functional dyspepsia

It is very uncertain whether manual acupuncture changes adverse effects Discomfort after treatment compared with cisapride (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review