Non-Cochrane · aetiology · PM42129694
Associations of oral health with colorectal cancer risk: accumulated evidences from observational studies.
Wang Lang, Yue Qi, Li Ke-Qi, et al. · BMC cancer · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.1186/s12885-026-16158-0
Findings
Population Adults in observational studies of oral health and colorectal cancer
44 findings
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis: omitting Ke Pu 2025 | HR 1.25 [1.04, 1.50] GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis: omitting Michaud DS 2018 | HR 1.22 [1.01, 1.47] GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Smoking: never-smokers | HR 1.16 [0.94, 1.42] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis: omitting Kim HE 2022 | HR 1.26 [1.02, 1.57] GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis: omitting Idrissi Janati A 2022 | HR 1.22 [1.01, 1.47] GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis: omitting Fu MM (labelled 2018 in figure) | HR 1.22 [1.02, 1.47] GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Sex: male | HR 0.99 [0.74, 1.33] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Adjustment quality: high | HR 1.22 [1.03, 1.44] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis: omitting Hu JM 2018 | HR 1.14 [1.01, 1.29] GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Periodontitis definition: self-reported | HR 1.12 [0.91, 1.38] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Colon cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Tumor location: colon | HR 1.01 [0.84, 1.21] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Region: Asia | HR 1.39 [1.01, 1.90] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Periodontitis definition: administrative claims | HR 1.64 [1.50, 1.79] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Region: North America | HR 1.07 [0.91, 1.25] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis: omitting Arora M 2010 | HR 1.21 [1.00, 1.45] GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Sex: female | HR 0.96 [0.84, 1.09] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Rectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Tumor location: rectal | HR 0.86 [0.60, 1.23] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe | HR 1.24 [1.04, 1.48] GRADE not reported 11 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis: omitting Momen-Heravi F 2017 | HR 1.29 [1.08, 1.55] GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis: omitting Nwizu NN 2017 | HR 1.28 [1.06, 1.55] GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Adjustment quality: low | HR 1.22 [0.84, 1.79] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Sex: mixed-sex populations | HR 1.62 [1.49, 1.76] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis: omitting Mai X 2016 | HR 1.23 [1.03, 1.47] GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis: omitting Michaud DS 2016 | HR 1.26 [1.05, 1.53] GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Periodontitis definition: clinical examination | HR 1.14 [1.04, 1.25] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Tooth loss | No or less tooth loss | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis: omitting Yang Y 2021 (2) (label as shown in figure) | HR 1.08 [0.97, 1.20] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Tooth loss | No or less tooth loss | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Study design: case-control studies | HR 0.88 [0.71, 1.08] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Tooth loss | No or less tooth loss | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis: omitting Lee S 2025 | HR 1.01 [0.85, 1.21] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Tooth loss | No or less tooth loss | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis: omitting Yang Y 2021 (3) (label as shown in figure) | HR 1.09 [0.99, 1.21] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Tooth loss | No or less tooth loss | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Region: Asia | HR 0.98 [0.83, 1.15] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Tooth loss | No or less tooth loss | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis: omitting Ren HG 2016 (1) | HR 1.13 [1.10, 1.16] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Tooth loss | No or less tooth loss | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe | HR 1.08 [0.98, 1.19] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Tooth loss | No or less tooth loss | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis: omitting Ren HG 2016 (2) | HR 1.08 [0.96, 1.20] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Tooth loss | No or less tooth loss | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis: omitting Michaud DS 2016 | HR 1.07 [0.96, 1.20] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Tooth loss | No or less tooth loss | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis: omitting Yano Y 2021 (1) | HR 1.09 [1.00, 1.18] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Tooth loss | No or less tooth loss | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis: omitting Momen-Heravi F 2017 | HR 1.01 [0.87, 1.18] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Tooth loss | No or less tooth loss | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Region: North America | HR 1.17 [1.02, 1.33] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Tooth loss | No or less tooth loss | Rectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Tumor location: rectal | HR 1.08 [0.69, 1.71] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Tooth loss | No or less tooth loss | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis: omitting Hiraki 2008 | HR 1.08 [0.97, 1.21] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Tooth loss | No or less tooth loss | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Study design: cohort studies | HR 1.09 [0.98, 1.21] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Tooth loss | No or less tooth loss | Colon cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Tumor location: colon | HR 1.06 [0.92, 1.22] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Dental caries (tooth decay) | No dental caries | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe | HR 1.00 [0.96, 1.04] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Dental caries | No dental caries | Colorectal cancer risk Long-term follow-up (varied across studies) · Community and clinical cohorts and case-control studies (North America, Asia, Europe) | HR 1.00 [0.96, 1.04] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Each 10 additional missing teeth (linear dose-response) | Per 10-tooth increment reference | Colorectal cancer risk Cohort and case-control studies from North America, Asia and Europe · Linear dose-response (per 10 missing teeth) | HR 1.03 [0.96, 1.10] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
Included primary studies 16
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arora 2010 An exploration of shared genetic risk factors between periodontal disease and cancers: a prospective co-twin study. PMID:19969528 | 2010 | 1 other review | Colorectal cancer risk | not extracted yet |
| Fu 2022 Is periodontitis a risk factor of benign or malignant colorectal tumor? A population-based cohort study. PMID:34854493 | 2022 | 1 other review | Colorectal cancer risk | not extracted yet |
| Hiraki 2008 Teeth loss and risk of cancer at 14 common sites in Japanese. PMID:18483345 | 2008 | 1 other review | Colorectal cancer risk | not extracted yet |
| Nwizu 2017 Periodontal Disease and Incident Cancer Risk among Postmenopausal Women: Results from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Cohort. PMID:28765338 | 2017 | 1 other review | Colorectal cancer risk | not extracted yet |
| Yano 2021 A long-term follow-up analysis of associations between tooth loss and multiple cancers in the Linxian General Population Cohort. PMID:35169767 | 2021 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Hu 2018 Risk of colorectal cancer in patients with periodontal disease severity: a nationwide, population-based cohort study. PMID:29397431 | 2018 | this review only | Colorectal cancer risk | not extracted yet |
| Idrissi Janati 2022 Periodontal disease as a risk factor for sporadic colorectal cancer: results from COLDENT study. PMID:35079924 | 2022 | this review only | Colorectal cancer risk | not extracted yet |
| Ke Pu 2025 Periodontitis and gastrointestinal cancer: a nationwide cohort study of NHANES 2009-2014. PMID:40016703 | 2025 | this review only | Colorectal cancer risk | not extracted yet |
| Kim 2022 Periodontal disease and cancer risk: A nationwide population-based cohort study. PMID:36081548 | 2022 | this review only | Colorectal cancer risk | not extracted yet |
| Lee 2025 Association of oral disease with cancer incidence and mortality among adults in South Korea: A nationwide retrospective cohort study. PMID:40530565 | 2025 | this review only | Colorectal cancer risk | not extracted yet |
| Mai 2016 Periodontal disease severity and cancer risk in postmenopausal women: the Buffalo OsteoPerio Study. PMID:26661782 | 2016 | this review only | Colorectal cancer risk | not extracted yet |
| Michaud (1) 2016 Periodontal disease and risk of all cancers among male never smokers: an updated analysis of the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. PMID:26811350 | 2016 | this review only | Colorectal cancer risk | not extracted yet |
| Michaud (2) 2018 Periodontal Disease Assessed Using Clinical Dental Measurements and Cancer Risk in the ARIC Study. PMID:29342298 | 2018 | this review only | Colorectal cancer risk | not extracted yet |
| Momen-Heravi 2017 Periodontal disease, tooth loss and colorectal cancer risk: Results from the Nurses' Health Study. PMID:27778343 | 2017 | this review only | Colorectal cancer risk | not extracted yet |
| Ren 2016 Oral health and risk of colorectal cancer: results from three cohort studies and a meta-analysis. PMID:27217540 | 2016 | this review only | Colorectal cancer risk | not extracted yet |
| Yano Yukiko 2021 Accuracy of different handgrip values to identify mobility limitation in older adults. PMID:33516976 | 2021 | this review only | Colorectal cancer risk | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match). Only the non-Cochrane dental reviews have study lists, so overlap with Cochrane reviews is not counted yet.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | People with clinically diagnosed or self-reported oral health disorder (periodontitis, tooth loss, dental caries) | Participants in 15 observational studies (658 to 3,845,280 per study) |
| Intervention | Periodontitis, tooth loss, dental caries (exposures) | Periodontitis (11 studies); tooth loss (6 studies); dental caries (2 studies) |
| Comparison | Not specified | Without the oral health condition |
| Outcomes | Colorectal cancer risk with effect size and 95% CI | Colorectal cancer risk (also colon and rectal cancer) |
| Study designs | Observational studies (cohort, case-control); English language | 11 cohort studies and 3 case-control studies per text (Ren 2016 case-control also listed; 15 studies in Table 1) |
| Timing | Not specified | Not specified |