Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

73 questions · 78 findings · 28 reviews

No studies found 3 · 3.8%GRADE not reported 4 · 5.1%Very low 8 · 10.3%Low 31 · 39.7%Moderate 22 · 28.2%High 10 · 12.8%

Probiotics administered to pregnant women at risk of preterm birth vs placebo or no intervention

Gestational age (preterm birth < 37 weeks) · preterm infants

Probiotics administered to pregnant women at risk of preterm birth showed no clear difference in preterm birth < 37 weeks' gestation compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Preterm birth less than 34 weeks' gestation · women undergoing home monitoring for preventing preterm birth versus women receiving standard care

The intervention leads to lower preterm birth less than 34 weeks' gestation (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Preterm birth less than 37 weeks' gestation · women undergoing home monitoring for preventing preterm birth versus women receiving standard care

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes preterm birth less than 37 weeks' gestation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Any preterm birth (birth < 37 weeks) · women with a previous stillbirth of > 20 weeks' gestation who are pregnant or considering a subsequent pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes any preterm birth (birth < 37 weeks) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Any preterm birth (birth < 37 weeks) · women with a previous stillbirth of ≥ 20 weeks' gestation who are pregnant or considering a subsequent pregnancy

The intervention showed no clear difference in any preterm birth (birth < 37 weeks) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Setting of BP measurement: self‐measurement vs conventional clinic measurement

Preterm birth less than 34 weeks' gestation · pregnant women with chronic or gestational hypertension

Setting of BP measurement: self‐measurement showed no clear difference in preterm birth (birth before 34 completed weeks' gestation) compared with conventional clinic measurement (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any supplements containing iron and folic acid vs same supplements without iron nor folic acid (no iron nor folic acid or placebo)

Preterm birth · pregnant women

(Infant outcomes) Any supplements containing iron and folic acid showed no clear difference in preterm birth (less than 37 weeks of gestation) (ALL) compared with same supplements without iron nor folic acid (no iron nor folic acid… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any supplements containing iron vs same supplements without iron or no treatment/placebo (no iron or placebo)

Preterm birth · pregnant women

(Infant outcomes) Any supplements containing iron showed no clear difference in preterm birth (less than 37 weeks of gestation) (ALL) compared with same supplements without iron or no treatment/placebo (no iron or… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: lipid‐based nutrient supplements (LNS) vs multiple micronutrients (MMN)

Preterm birth · pregnant women

Summary of findings: lipid‐based nutrient supplements (LNS) showed no clear difference in preterm births (births before 37 weeks of gestation) compared with multiple micronutrients (MMN) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: lipid‐based nutrient supplements (LNS) vs iron folic acid (IFA)

Preterm birth · pregnant women

Summary of findings: lipid‐based nutrient supplements (LNS) showed no clear difference in preterm births (births before 37 weeks of gestation) compared with iron folic acid (IFA) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or surgery), alone or with oral hygiene counselling, antiseptics, or antimicrobials vs no treatment

Gestational age (preterm birth < 37 weeks) · Pregnant women considered to have periodontal disease (gingivitis or periodontitis) after dental examination

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or… showed no clear difference in gestational age (preterm birth < 37 weeks) compared with no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with antimicrobials) vs Alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with placebo

Gestational age (preterm birth < 37 weeks) · Pregnant women considered to have periodontal disease (gingivitis or periodontitis) after dental examination

It is very uncertain whether periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with… changes gestational age (preterm birth < 37 weeks) compared with alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with… (very low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review