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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

38 questions · 38 findings · 17 reviews · Airways · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 2 · 5.3%GRADE not reported 1 · 2.6%Very low 2 · 5.3%Low 19 · 50%Moderate 12 · 31.6%High 2 · 5.3%

Medical or surgical intervention, or both, for gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease vs nil intervention, delayed intervention control, or placebo

Use of "rescue" medications and emergency action plans: B2 use puffs per day Duration of treatment: range 14 weeks to 24 weeks · treatment for asthma in adults and children with asthma and GORD
1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component intervention vs control

Adherence to pharmacotherapy: number of people achieving adherence to medication · COPD

Multi‐component intervention may leads to higher adherence to pharmacotherapy: number of people achieving adherence… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Reduced asthma medication usage · People with asthma (mostly mild or moderate)

The intervention may leads to higher reduced asthma medication usage (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review
  • Yoga for asthma 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
    RR 5.35 [1.29, 22.11]
    2 studies · 48 participants
    Low

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists vs placebo

Moderate‐to‐severe exacerbations (rate) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists showed no clear difference in severe/moderate exacerbations (hospitalisation or course of… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Digital adherence interventions vs usual care

Unscheduled healthcare utilisation ‐ number of hospital or GP/ED visits · people with asthma

Digital adherence interventions showed no clear difference in unscheduled healthcare utilisation ‐ number of hospital or GP/ED… compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review