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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

14 questions · 49 findings · 5 reviews

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No studies found 1 · 2%GRADE not reported 48 · 98%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy

Dental caries in children · Children of mothers assessed for smoking status during pregnancy (early childhood dental caries)

In the USA study, maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with increased odds of childhood dental caries (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.38 to 2.49).

15 findings from 1 review
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Dental caries during pregnancy vs Pregnant women without dental caries

Preterm birth stratified by clinical type (spontaneous vs iatrogenic vs term) · pregnant women

The planned subanalysis by type of preterm birth (spontaneous vs iatrogenic vs term) could not be performed because of the small number of cases and lack of information in the original studies.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Dental caries and preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2018 All outcomes
    Pregnant women assessed around delivery in observational studies across multiple countries (Mexico, Malawi, India, France, Jordan, Finland, Tanzania); mostly retrospective cohort and case-control designs · By type of PTB (spontaneous vs iatrogenic)
    no estimate extracted
    0 studies
    GRADE not reported

Dental caries during pregnancy vs Pregnant women without dental caries

Preterm birth stratified by gestational age at birth (moderate-to-late 32 to <37, very 28 to <32, extremely <28 weeks) · pregnant women

The planned subanalysis of preterm birth by gestational age at birth (moderate-to-late, very, extremely preterm) could not be performed because of the small number of cases and lack of stratified data in the original studies.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Dental caries and preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2018 All outcomes
    Pregnant women assessed around delivery in observational studies across multiple countries (Mexico, Malawi, India, France, Jordan, Finland, Tanzania); mostly retrospective cohort and case-control designs · By gestational age at birth
    no estimate extracted
    0 studies
    GRADE not reported

Dental caries during pregnancy vs Pregnant women without dental caries

Gestational age (preterm birth < 37 weeks) · pregnant women

Pregnant women with dental caries did not have a significantly increased risk of preterm birth (pooled OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.49; 5 studies; I2=35%); certainty of evidence not graded.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Dental caries and preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2018 All outcomes
    Pregnant women assessed around delivery in observational studies across multiple countries (Mexico, Malawi, India, France, Jordan, Finland, Tanzania); mostly retrospective cohort and case-control designs
    OR 1.16 [0.90, 1.49]
    5 studies · 4246 participants
    GRADE not reported

Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy

Dental caries · children

Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with higher odds of dental caries in children (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.55 to 2.05; ungraded).

14 findings from 2 reviews · compare the 2 reviews
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Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy

Dental caries in children · Children in cross-sectional studies

The cross-sectional association remained statistically significant after excluding Julihn et al. 2018.

7 findings from 1 review
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Prenatal vitamin D deficiency (low maternal 25(OH)D during pregnancy) vs Adequate prenatal vitamin D (sufficient maternal 25(OH)D)

Dental caries in children · Infants and children (aged about 2 to 8 years) whose mothers' vitamin D status was assessed during pregnancy

For prenatal vitamin D measured across gestational weeks 6-38, the OR of dental caries was 1.32 (no CI reported); ungraded.

3 findings from 1 review

Prenatal vitamin D deficiency (low maternal 25(OH)D during pregnancy) vs Adequate prenatal vitamin D (sufficient maternal 25(OH)D)

Dental caries in children · Children aged 6 to 8 years whose mothers' prenatal vitamin D status was assessed

In the single study of children aged 6-8 years, the association was not statistically significant (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.84-1.30); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Prenatal vitamin D deficiency (low maternal 25(OH)D during pregnancy) vs Adequate prenatal vitamin D (sufficient maternal 25(OH)D)

Dental caries in children · Children aged 4 to 6 years whose mothers' prenatal vitamin D status was assessed

Among children aged 4-6 years, prenatal vitamin D deficiency is associated with significantly higher odds of dental caries (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.32-1.56); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Prenatal passive tobacco exposure (maternal smoking during pregnancy / in the womb) vs No passive tobacco exposure (non-exposed children)

Dental caries in permanent teeth · Children and adolescents with permanent dentition

No eligible studies examined prenatal tobacco exposure and caries in permanent dentition.

1 finding from 1 review

Prenatal passive tobacco exposure (maternal smoking during pregnancy / in the womb) vs No passive tobacco exposure (non-exposed children)

Caries presence in primary teeth · Young children with primary (deciduous) dentition (aged 1 to 6 years at study start)

Prenatal (in-womb) tobacco exposure is associated with higher odds of caries in primary dentition (pooled OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.41 to 1.52; 4 studies; no heterogeneity); certainty not graded.

1 finding from 1 review

Prenatal vitamin D deficiency (maternal 25(OH)D measured at gestational weeks 24 to 38) vs Adequate prenatal vitamin D (sufficient maternal 25(OH)D)

Dental caries in children · Infants and children (aged about 2 to 8 years) whose mothers' vitamin D status was assessed during pregnancy

For prenatal vitamin D measured across gestational weeks 24-38, the OR of dental caries was 1.30 (no CI reported); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review