Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,087 questions · 2,360 findings · 390 reviews

No studies found 224 · 9.5%GRADE not reported 603 · 25.6%Very low 555 · 23.5%Low 548 · 23.2%Moderate 312 · 13.2%High 118 · 5%

Digital technology vs usual care

Exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) · adolescents and adults with cystic fibrosis

Digital technology showed no clear difference in number of pulmonary exacerbations: number of participants… compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Digital technology vs usual care

New micro‐organisms: number of participants in whom new organisms are detected · adolescents and adults with cystic fibrosis

Digital technology probably leads to lower new micro‐organisms: number of participants in whom new organisms… compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mutans streptococci present in oral samples at baseline vs Mutans streptococci absent in oral samples at baseline

Future caries experience (dmft/dmfs) · Children younger than 6 years with caries-free primary dentition (no cavitated or non-cavitated lesions at baseline)

Children with mutans streptococci at baseline had a greater future caries experience (SMD 0.85, a large effect; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Mutans streptococci detected in plaque or saliva at baseline vs No mutans streptococci detected in plaque or saliva at baseline

Development of any (cavitated or non-cavitated) carious lesion · Children younger than 6 years with caries-free primary dentition (no cavitated or non-cavitated lesions at baseline)

Across the sample-based sensitivity analysis, mutans streptococci at baseline were associated with higher odds of developing caries.

1 finding from 1 review

Male sex (boys) vs Female sex

Caries development in permanent teeth · School children and adolescents (6-18 years) followed from primary dentition (baseline examination before 72 months of age)

Gender is not associated with caries development in permanent teeth (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.02; low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sociodemographic / socioeconomic factors (single-parent family, low parental education, family income, socioeconomic status) vs Absence of the factor / reference socioeconomic category

Caries increment in permanent teeth · School children and adolescents (6-18 years) followed from primary dentition (baseline examination before 72 months of age)

Evidence on the association between sociodemographic/socioeconomic factors and permanent-teeth caries is weak and inconsistent (3 studies; could not be pooled; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Caries in first and second primary molars vs Reference (other primary tooth locations / caries-free)

Caries development in permanent teeth · School children and adolescents (6-18 years) followed from primary dentition (baseline examination before 72 months of age)

Caries in the first and second primary molars is the strongest tooth-specific predictor of caries in permanent teeth (RR 3.4; single study; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary dentition DMFT score 1-3 vs No caries in primary teeth (DMFT = 0)

Caries prevalence in permanent dentition · School children and adolescents (6-18 years) followed from primary dentition (baseline examination before 72 months of age)

A primary-dentition DMFT of 1-3 is associated with 1.5 times higher risk of caries in permanent teeth (single study; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Dentinal caries in primary dentition (at 5 years) vs Caries-free primary dentition

Dentinal caries in permanent (newly erupted) teeth · School children and adolescents (6-18 years) followed from primary dentition (baseline examination before 72 months of age)

Dentinal caries in the primary dentition is associated with about 3.2 times higher odds of dentinal caries in permanent teeth (single study; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary dentition DMFT score over 13 vs No caries in primary teeth (DMFT = 0)

Caries prevalence in permanent dentition · School children and adolescents (6-18 years) followed from primary dentition (baseline examination before 72 months of age)

A primary-dentition DMFT over 13 is associated with about 15 times higher risk of caries in permanent teeth (single study; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review