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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Every word you type has to appear somewhere in the question, and the closest matches are ranked first.

Limit to evidence status or GRADE (optional)

75,239 questions in 5,342 reviews

current versions
No studies 15,213 · 20.2%Ungraded 10,323 · 13.7%Very low 17,528 · 23.3%Low 17,951 · 23.9%Moderate 11,190 · 14.9%High 3,034 · 4%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

QuestionEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs no specific treatment
Functioning ‐ mean endpoint PSP (high = good) ‐ < 12 months · schizophrenia
Cognitive behavioural therapy without medication for schizophrenia (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 40 participantsLow
Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs no specific treatment
Adverse events ‐ Participants with at least one AE ‐ > 1 year · schizophrenia
Cognitive behavioural therapy without medication for schizophrenia (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs antipsychotics
Mental state ‐ general: mean endpoint PANSS total (high = poor) ‐ < 12 months · schizophrenia
Cognitive behavioural therapy without medication for schizophrenia (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 63 participantsVery low
Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs antipsychotics
Global state ‐ number of participants with relapse/exacerbations of psychosis (separated time points) ‐ < 12 months · schizophrenia
Cognitive behavioural therapy without medication for schizophrenia (2024) · Cochrane
RR 2.78 [0.12, 65.08]1 study · 90 participantsVery low
Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs antipsychotics
Leaving the study early ‐ for any reason ‐ overall acceptability (separated time points) ‐ < 12 months · schizophrenia
Cognitive behavioural therapy without medication for schizophrenia (2024) · Cochrane
RR 1.66 [0.21, 12.94]2 studies · 90 participantsVery low
Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs antipsychotics
Functioning ‐ mean endpoint functioning scales (high = good) ‐ < 12 months · schizophrenia
Cognitive behavioural therapy without medication for schizophrenia (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 46 participantsVery low
Ibuprofen vs placebo
Pain relief ‐ as reported by the child ‐ defined as proportion of participants with ≥ 50% postoperative pain relief in each treatment arm, less than 2 hours postintervention · children aged 17 years or younger treated for acute postoperative or postprocedural pain
Ibuprofen for acute postoperative pain in children (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Ibuprofen vs paracetamol
Pain intensity – as reported by the child, 2 hours to less than 24 hours postintervention · children aged 17 years or younger treated for acute postoperative or postprocedural pain
Ibuprofen for acute postoperative pain in children (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted6 studies · 422 participantsModerate
Ibuprofen vs paracetamol
Adverse events (reported in the first 7 days after the procedure) · children aged 17 years or younger treated for acute postoperative or postprocedural pain
Ibuprofen for acute postoperative pain in children (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 44 participantsLow
Ibuprofen vs paracetamol
Serious adverse events, defined as any medical event at any dose that results in death, is life‐threatening, requires hospitalisation (or prolongation of existing hospitalisation) or results in permanent damage or disability (FDA 2016) · children aged 17 years or younger treated for acute postoperative or postprocedural pain
Ibuprofen for acute postoperative pain in children (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Ibuprofen vs morphine
Pain relief ‐ as reported by the child ‐ defined as proportion of participants with ≥ 50% postoperative pain relief in each treatment arm, less than 2 hours postintervention · children aged 17 years or younger treated for acute postoperative or postprocedural pain
Ibuprofen for acute postoperative pain in children (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Ibuprofen vs morphine
Pain relief ‐ as reported by the child ‐ defined as proportion of participants with ≥ 50% postoperative pain relief in each treatment arm, 2 hours to less than 24 hours postintervention · children aged 17 years or younger treated for acute postoperative or postprocedural pain
Ibuprofen for acute postoperative pain in children (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Ibuprofen vs morphine
Pain intensity – as reported by the child, less than 2 hours postintervention · children aged 17 years or younger treated for acute postoperative or postprocedural pain
Ibuprofen for acute postoperative pain in children (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Ibuprofen vs morphine
Pain intensity – as reported by the child, 2 hours to less than 24 hours postintervention · children aged 17 years or younger treated for acute postoperative or postprocedural pain
Ibuprofen for acute postoperative pain in children (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Ibuprofen vs morphine
Adverse events (reported in the first 7 days after the procedure) · children aged 17 years or younger treated for acute postoperative or postprocedural pain
Ibuprofen for acute postoperative pain in children (2024) · Cochrane
RR 0.58 [0.4, 0.83]1 study · 154 participantsModerate
Ibuprofen vs morphine
Serious adverse events, defined as any medical event at any dose that results in death, is life‐threatening, requires hospitalisation (or prolongation of existing hospitalisation) or results in permanent damage or disability (FDA 2016) · children aged 17 years or younger treated for acute postoperative or postprocedural pain
Ibuprofen for acute postoperative pain in children (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Ibuprofen vs ketorolac
Pain relief ‐ as reported by the child ‐ defined as proportion of participants with ≥ 50% postoperative pain relief in each treatment arm, less than 2 hours postintervention · children aged 17 years or younger treated for acute postoperative or postprocedural pain
Ibuprofen for acute postoperative pain in children (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Ibuprofen vs placebo
Pain relief ‐ as reported by the child ‐ defined as proportion of participants with ≥ 50% postoperative pain relief in each treatment arm, 2 hours to less than 24 hours postintervention · children aged 17 years or younger treated for acute postoperative or postprocedural pain
Ibuprofen for acute postoperative pain in children (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Ibuprofen vs ketorolac
Pain relief ‐ as reported by the child ‐ defined as proportion of participants with ≥ 50% postoperative pain relief in each treatment arm, 2 hours to less than 24 hours postintervention · children aged 17 years or younger treated for acute postoperative or postprocedural pain
Ibuprofen for acute postoperative pain in children (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Ibuprofen vs ketorolac
Pain intensity – as reported by the child, less than 2 hours postintervention · children aged 17 years or younger treated for acute postoperative or postprocedural pain
Ibuprofen for acute postoperative pain in children (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Ibuprofen vs ketorolac
Pain intensity – as reported by the child, 2 hours to less than 24 hours postintervention · children aged 17 years or younger treated for acute postoperative or postprocedural pain
Ibuprofen for acute postoperative pain in children (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Ibuprofen vs ketorolac
Adverse events (reported in the first 7 days after the procedure) · children aged 17 years or younger treated for acute postoperative or postprocedural pain
Ibuprofen for acute postoperative pain in children (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 59 participantsLow
Ibuprofen vs ketorolac
Serious adverse events, defined as any medical event at any dose that results in death, is life‐threatening, requires hospitalisation (or prolongation of existing hospitalisation) or results in permanent damage or disability (FDA 2016) · children aged 17 years or younger treated for acute postoperative or postprocedural pain
Ibuprofen for acute postoperative pain in children (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Ibuprofen vs placebo
Pain intensity – as reported by the child, less than 2 hours postintervention · children aged 17 years or younger treated for acute postoperative or postprocedural pain
Ibuprofen for acute postoperative pain in children (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 studies · 259 participantsModerate
Ibuprofen vs placebo
Pain intensity – as reported by the child, 2 hours to less than 24 hours postintervention · children aged 17 years or younger treated for acute postoperative or postprocedural pain
Ibuprofen for acute postoperative pain in children (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted5 studies · 345 participantsLow
Ibuprofen vs placebo
Adverse events (reported in the first 7 days after the procedure) · children aged 17 years or younger treated for acute postoperative or postprocedural pain
Ibuprofen for acute postoperative pain in children (2024) · Cochrane
RR 0.79 [0.51, 1.23]5 studies · 384 participantsLow
Ibuprofen vs placebo
Serious adverse events (defined as any medical event at any dose that results in death, is life‐threatening, requires hospitalisation (or prolongation of existing hospitalisation) or results in permanent damage or disability (FDA 2016)) · children aged 17 years or younger treated for acute postoperative or postprocedural pain
Ibuprofen for acute postoperative pain in children (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Ibuprofen vs paracetamol
Pain relief ‐ as reported by the child ‐ defined as proportion of participants with ≥ 50% postoperative pain relief in each treatment arm, less than 2 hours postintervention · children aged 17 years or younger treated for acute postoperative or postprocedural pain
Ibuprofen for acute postoperative pain in children (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Ibuprofen vs paracetamol
Pain relief ‐ as reported by the child ‐ defined as proportion of participants with ≥ 50% postoperative pain relief in each treatment arm, 2 hours to less than 24 hours postintervention · children aged 17 years or younger treated for acute postoperative or postprocedural pain
Ibuprofen for acute postoperative pain in children (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Ibuprofen vs paracetamol
Pain intensity – as reported by the child, less than 2 hours postintervention · children aged 17 years or younger treated for acute postoperative or postprocedural pain
Ibuprofen for acute postoperative pain in children (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 100 participantsModerate
LipiFlow vs basic warm compresses
Mean change from baseline in symptom scores at 1 to 4 weeks (lower is favored) · people with dry eye
LipiFlow for the treatment of dry eye disease (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRVery low
LipiFlow vs thermostatic devices
Proportion of participants with intervention‐related, vision‐threatening adverse events at 1 to 4 weeks · people with dry eye
LipiFlow for the treatment of dry eye disease (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted4 studies · 445 participantsVery low
LipiFlow vs basic warm compresses
Mean change from baseline in meibomian gland expression scores at 1 to 4 weeks (higher is favored) · people with dry eye
LipiFlow for the treatment of dry eye disease (2024) · Cochrane
SMD 1.312 studies · 76 participantsVery low
LipiFlow vs basic warm compresses
Mean change from baseline in meibum quality scores at 1 to 4 weeks (higher is favored) · people with dry eye
LipiFlow for the treatment of dry eye disease (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 46 participantsVery low
LipiFlow vs basic warm compresses
Mean change from baseline in meibomian gland atrophy scores at 1 to 4 weeks (lower is favored) · people with dry eye
LipiFlow for the treatment of dry eye disease (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
LipiFlow vs basic warm compresses
Proportion of participants with intervention‐related, vision‐threatening adverse events at 1 to 4 weeks · people with dry eye
LipiFlow for the treatment of dry eye disease (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted4 studies · 197 participantsLow
LipiFlow vs thermostatic devices
Mean change from baseline in symptom scores at 1 to 4 weeks (lower is favored) · people with dry eye
LipiFlow for the treatment of dry eye disease (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRVery low
LipiFlow vs thermostatic devices
Mean change from baseline in meibomian gland expression scores at 1 to 4 weeks (higher is favored) · people with dry eye
LipiFlow for the treatment of dry eye disease (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 studies · 820 participantsLow
LipiFlow vs thermostatic devices
Mean change from baseline in meibum quality scores at 1 to 4 weeks (higher is favored) · people with dry eye
LipiFlow for the treatment of dry eye disease (2024) · Cochrane
SMD 0.112 studies · 354 participantsLow
LipiFlow vs thermostatic devices
Mean change from baseline in meibomian gland atrophy scores at 1 to 4 weeks (lower is favored) · people with dry eye
LipiFlow for the treatment of dry eye disease (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
Face‐down positioning vs other positioning
Proportion of eyes with retinal displacement at 6 months or later (RR < 1 favored) · people with primary macula‐involving rhegmatogenous retinal detachments
Face‐down positioning or posturing after pars plana vitrectomy for macula‐involving rhegmatogenous retinal… (2024) · Cochrane
RR 0.73 [0.54, 0.99]1 study · 239 participantsVery low
Face‐down positioning vs other positioning
Mean change in logMAR or Snellen visual acuity from baseline to 3 months or later (lower is favored) · people with primary macula‐involving rhegmatogenous retinal detachments
Face‐down positioning or posturing after pars plana vitrectomy for macula‐involving rhegmatogenous retinal… (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 56 participantsVery low
Face‐down positioning vs other positioning
Mean objective distortion score at 3 months or later (lower is favored) · people with primary macula‐involving rhegmatogenous retinal detachments
Face‐down positioning or posturing after pars plana vitrectomy for macula‐involving rhegmatogenous retinal… (2024) · Cochrane
MD 1.81 study · 219 participantsVery low
Face‐down positioning vs other positioning
Quality of life assessments at 3 months or later (higher is favored) · people with primary macula‐involving rhegmatogenous retinal detachments
Face‐down positioning or posturing after pars plana vitrectomy for macula‐involving rhegmatogenous retinal… (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 217 participantsVery low
Face‐down positioning vs other positioning
Frequency of intervention‐related ocular adverse events ( · people with primary macula‐involving rhegmatogenous retinal detachments
Face‐down positioning or posturing after pars plana vitrectomy for macula‐involving rhegmatogenous retinal… (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 262 participantsVery low
Face‐down positioning vs other positioning
Frequency of intervention‐related non‐ocular adverse events ( · people with primary macula‐involving rhegmatogenous retinal detachments
Face‐down positioning or posturing after pars plana vitrectomy for macula‐involving rhegmatogenous retinal… (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Summary of findings table ‐ Sodium modelling vs slow dialysis
Dialysis dysequilibrium syndrome · haemodialysis patients
Interventions for preventing haemodialysis dysequilibrium syndrome (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 15 participantsLow
Summary of findings table ‐ High sodium dialysate vs standard sodium dialysate
Duration of hospital stay ‐ not reported · haemodialysis patients
Interventions for preventing haemodialysis dysequilibrium syndrome (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Summary of findings table ‐ Sodium modelling vs slow dialysis
Severe dialysis dysequilibrium syndrome · haemodialysis patients
Interventions for preventing haemodialysis dysequilibrium syndrome (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 15 participantsLow
Summary of findings table ‐ Sodium modelling vs slow dialysis
Death · haemodialysis patients
Interventions for preventing haemodialysis dysequilibrium syndrome (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 15 participantsLow