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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Every word you type has to appear somewhere in the question, and the closest matches are ranked first.
75,239 questions in 5,342 reviews
current versionsNo studies 15,213 · 20.2%Ungraded 10,323 · 13.7%Very low 17,528 · 23.3%Low 17,951 · 23.9%Moderate 11,190 · 14.9%High 3,034 · 4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Antibiotics vs surgery Clostridium difficile diarrhoea · adults with uncomplicated appendicitis Appendectomy versus antibiotic treatment for acute appendicitis (2024) · Cochrane | OR 0.97 [0.24, 3.89] | 3 studies · 1552 participants | Very low |
Antibiotics vs surgery Intra‐abdominal abscess or collection · adults with uncomplicated appendicitis Appendectomy versus antibiotic treatment for acute appendicitis (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.58 [0.61, 4.07] | 6 studies · 1831 participants | Very low |
Antibiotics vs surgery Reoperation · adults with uncomplicated appendicitis Appendectomy versus antibiotic treatment for acute appendicitis (2024) · Cochrane | OR 0.13 [0.01, 2.16] | 1 study · 492 participants | Very low |
Antibiotics vs surgery Length of hospital stay (days) · adults with uncomplicated appendicitis Appendectomy versus antibiotic treatment for acute appendicitis (2024) · Cochrane | MD 0.54 [0.06, 1.01] | 11 studies · 3192 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs treatment Number of continuously abstinent women ‐ total · stopping or reducing alcohol consumption during pregnancy Psychosocial and medication interventions to stop or reduce alcohol consumption during pregnancy (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.34 [1.14, 1.57] | 3 studies · 378 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs treatment Number of drinks per day ‐ total · stopping or reducing alcohol consumption during pregnancy Psychosocial and medication interventions to stop or reduce alcohol consumption during pregnancy (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 157 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs treatment Number of women who completed treatment ‐ total · stopping or reducing alcohol consumption during pregnancy Psychosocial and medication interventions to stop or reduce alcohol consumption during pregnancy (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.94, 1.02] | 7 studies · 1283 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs treatment Adverse events ‐ not measured · stopping or reducing alcohol consumption during pregnancy Psychosocial and medication interventions to stop or reduce alcohol consumption during pregnancy (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs treatment Withdrawal signs and symptoms ‐ not measured · stopping or reducing alcohol consumption during pregnancy Psychosocial and medication interventions to stop or reduce alcohol consumption during pregnancy (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Effects of instructions vs no instructions PAR (dB) at short‐term · workers exposed to noise using earplugs Hearing protection field attenuation estimation systems and associated training for reducing workers’… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 285 participants | Moderate |
Effects of extensive instructions vs simple instructions Proportion of workers who wear HPDs · workers exposed to noise using HPDs Hearing protection field attenuation estimation systems and associated training for reducing workers’… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Effects of instructions vs no instructions PAR (dB) at long‐term · workers exposed to noise using earplugs Hearing protection field attenuation estimation systems and associated training for reducing workers’… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 103 participants | Moderate |
Effects of instructions vs no instructions PAR (dB) at immediate · workers exposed to noise using earplugs Hearing protection field attenuation estimation systems and associated training for reducing workers’… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Low |
Effects of instructions vs no instructions PAR pass rate (%) · workers exposed to noise using earplugs Hearing protection field attenuation estimation systems and associated training for reducing workers’… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Effects of instructions vs no instructions Adverse effects · workers exposed to noise using earplugs Hearing protection field attenuation estimation systems and associated training for reducing workers’… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Effects of instructions vs no instructions Proportion of workers who wear HPDs · workers exposed to noise using earplugs Hearing protection field attenuation estimation systems and associated training for reducing workers’… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Effects of extensive instructions vs simple instructions PAR (dB) ‐ Fit testing of foam earplugs (immediate) · workers exposed to noise using HPDs Hearing protection field attenuation estimation systems and associated training for reducing workers’… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 321 participants | Moderate |
Effects of extensive instructions vs simple instructions PAR pass rate (%) ‐ Fit testing of foam earplugs (immediate) · workers exposed to noise using HPDs Hearing protection field attenuation estimation systems and associated training for reducing workers’… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.75 [1.44, 2.11] | 1 study · 321 participants | Moderate |
Effects of extensive instructions vs simple instructions Adverse effects · workers exposed to noise using HPDs Hearing protection field attenuation estimation systems and associated training for reducing workers’… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) vs sham tDCS Word retrieval · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Active tDCS plus semantic and phonological word‐retrieval training vs sham tDCS plus semantic and phonological word‐retrieval training Adverse events · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 37 participants | Very low |
Active tDCS plus phonological word‐retrieval training vs sham tDCS plus phonological word‐retrieval training Word retrieval · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 6 participants | Very low |
Active tDCS plus phonological word‐retrieval training vs sham tDCS plus phonological word‐retrieval training Overall language abilities · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Active tDCS plus phonological word‐retrieval training vs sham tDCS plus phonological word‐retrieval training Overall cognitive assessment · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Active tDCS plus phonological word‐retrieval training vs sham tDCS plus phonological word‐retrieval training Quality of life · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Active tDCS plus phonological word‐retrieval training vs sham tDCS plus phonological word‐retrieval training Adverse events · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 6 participants | Very low |
Active tDCS plus semantic word‐retrieval training vs sham tDCS plus semantic word‐retrieval training Word retrieval · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 3 participants | Very low |
Active tDCS plus semantic word‐retrieval training vs sham tDCS plus semantic word‐retrieval training Overall language abilities · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Active tDCS plus semantic word‐retrieval training vs sham tDCS plus semantic word‐retrieval training Overall cognitive assessment · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Active tDCS plus semantic word‐retrieval training vs sham tDCS plus semantic word‐retrieval training Quality of life · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) vs sham tDCS Overall language abilities · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 15 participants | Very low |
Active tDCS plus semantic word‐retrieval training vs sham tDCS plus semantic word‐retrieval training Adverse events · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 3 participants | Very low |
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) vs active control‐site rTMS Word retrieval · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) vs active control‐site rTMS Overall language abilities · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 27 participants | Very low |
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) vs active control‐site rTMS Overall cognitive assessment · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 27 participants | Very low |
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) vs active control‐site rTMS Quality of life · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) vs active control‐site rTMS Adverse events · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 27 participants | Very low |
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) vs sham tDCS Overall cognitive assessment · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) vs sham tDCS Quality of life · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) vs sham tDCS Adverse events · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 15 participants | Very low |
Active tDCS plus semantic and phonological word‐retrieval training vs sham tDCS plus semantic and phonological word‐retrieval training Word retrieval · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 93 participants | Very low |
Active tDCS plus semantic and phonological word‐retrieval training vs sham tDCS plus semantic and phonological word‐retrieval training Overall language abilities · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 28 participants | Very low |
Active tDCS plus semantic and phonological word‐retrieval training vs sham tDCS plus semantic and phonological word‐retrieval training Overall cognitive assessment · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 37 participants | Very low |
Active tDCS plus semantic and phonological word‐retrieval training vs sham tDCS plus semantic and phonological word‐retrieval training Quality of life · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low |
Prebiotics vs placebo Clinical remission (14 days) · people with mild‐to‐moderate disease (Rachmilewitz index) or active disease (SCCAI score of 4 to 10) Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.57, 1.94] | 1 study · 19 participants | Very low |
Inulin and oligofructose 15 g vs inulin and oligofructose 7.5 g daily Withdrawals due to adverse events (9 weeks) · people with mild to moderately active ulcerative colitis Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.53 [0.11, 2.5] | 1 study · 31 participants | Very low |
Prebiotics and anti‐inflammatory therapy vs anti‐inflammatory therapy Clinical remission · people with mild‐to‐moderate ulcerative colitis based on Truelove and Witts criteria Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prebiotics and anti‐inflammatory therapy vs anti‐inflammatory therapy Clinical improvement (Lichtiger index) (4 weeks) · people with mild‐to‐moderate ulcerative colitis based on Truelove and Witts criteria Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 18 participants | Very low |
Prebiotics and anti‐inflammatory therapy vs anti‐inflammatory therapy Quality of life · people with mild‐to‐moderate ulcerative colitis based on Truelove and Witts criteria Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prebiotics and anti‐inflammatory therapy vs anti‐inflammatory therapy Total adverse events · people with mild‐to‐moderate ulcerative colitis based on Truelove and Witts criteria Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |