Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,378 questions · 2,146 findings · 145 reviews

No studies found 167 · 7.8%GRADE not reported 1,674 · 78%Very low 148 · 6.9%Low 113 · 5.3%Moderate 40 · 1.9%High 4 · 0.2%

Not applicable (single-group prevalence) vs Not applicable

Caries experience (mean DMFT) · Children aged 12 years (plus or minus one year) in Africa

The pooled mean DMFT score was 1.0900 (95% CI 0.9143 to 1.2657); GRADE was not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Relative abundance of Veillonella spp.

The intervention showed no clear difference in relative abundance of Veillonella spp.; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Mean DMFT (decayed, missing, filled permanent teeth) · Individuals with permanent dentition in East Africa

The pooled mean DMFT (permanent dentition) in East Africa was 1.941 (95% CI 1.561 to 2.322); certainty not graded.

1 finding from 1 review

Illicit drug use vs People who do not use drugs

Periodontal disease · People who use drugs (PWUD): methamphetamine, heroin, opiate, cannabis and cocaine users

Illicit drug use was not significantly associated with periodontal disease (pooled OR 1.44, 95% CI 0.80-2.60; 5 studies; substantial heterogeneity I2=85%; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Rubber/elastomeric cleaning stick plus toothbrushing vs Toothbrushing alone

Gingivitis · Adults, 16 years and older (dentate)

It is very uncertain whether rubber/elastomeric cleaning stick plus toothbrushing changes gingivitis (proportion of bleeding sites) compared with toothbrushing alone (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Rubber/elastomeric cleaning stick plus toothbrushing vs Flossing plus toothbrushing

Plaque · Adults, 16 years and older (dentate)

It is very uncertain whether rubber/elastomeric cleaning stick plus toothbrushing changes plaque compared with flossing plus toothbrushing (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rubber/elastomeric cleaning stick plus toothbrushing vs Flossing plus toothbrushing

Gingivitis · Adults, 16 years and older (dentate)

It is very uncertain whether rubber/elastomeric cleaning stick plus toothbrushing changes gingivitis (gingival index) compared with flossing plus toothbrushing (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Wooden cleaning stick plus toothbrushing vs Toothbrushing alone

Gingivitis · Adults, 16 years and older (dentate)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Oral irrigation plus toothbrushing vs Flossing plus toothbrushing

Gingivitis · Adults, 16 years and older (dentate)

It is very uncertain whether oral irrigation plus toothbrushing changes gingivitis (gingival index) compared with flossing plus toothbrushing (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review