Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Every word you type has to appear somewhere in the question, and the closest matches are ranked first.
75,239 questions in 5,342 reviews
current versionsNo studies 15,213 · 20.2%Ungraded 10,323 · 13.7%Very low 17,528 · 23.3%Low 17,951 · 23.9%Moderate 11,190 · 14.9%High 3,034 · 4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Summary of findings table ‐ Fitusiran prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy Adverse events ‐ Serious adverse events · people without inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 [0.15, 1.63] | 1 study · 120 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Emicizumab prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy Change from baseline in total score ‐ Haem‐A‐QoL Scale from: 0 (better) to 100 · people with inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Emicizumab prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy All adverse events · people with inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.97 [1.26, 3.1] | 1 study · 52 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Emicizumab prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy Serious adverse events · people with inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.32 [0.48, 3.63] | 1 study · 52 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Fitusiran prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy Annualized Bleeding Rate (ABR) ‐ All treated bleeds · people with inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 57 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Fitusiran prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy Annualized spontaneous Bleeding Rate (AsBR) · people with inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 57 participants | Moderate |
WC‐rBS vaccine (Dukoral): two doses ± booster dose vs placebo Cases of cholera ( · healthy children and adults; high risk population Oral killed cholera vaccines for preventing cholera (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 16423 participants | High |
BivWC vaccine (Shanchol): two doses vs placebo Cases of cholera ( · healthy children and adults; high risk population Oral killed cholera vaccines for preventing cholera (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 54519 participants | High |
BivWC vaccine (Shanchol): two doses vs placebo Cases of cholera ( · healthy children and adults; high risk population Oral killed cholera vaccines for preventing cholera (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 168540 participants | Moderate |
BivWC vaccine (Shanchol): two doses vs placebo Cases of cholera ( · healthy children and adults; high risk population Oral killed cholera vaccines for preventing cholera (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 241631 participants | High |
BivWC vaccine (Shanchol): single dose vs placebo Cases of cholera ( · healthy children and adults, male and female; high risk population Oral killed cholera vaccines for preventing cholera (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 204700 participants | High |
BivWC vaccine (Shanchol): single dose vs placebo Cases of severe dehydrating cholera ( · healthy children and adults, male and female; high risk population Oral killed cholera vaccines for preventing cholera (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 204700 participants | High |
BivWC vaccine (Shanchol): single dose vs placebo Cases of cholera ( · healthy children and adults, male and female; high risk population Oral killed cholera vaccines for preventing cholera (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 204700 participants | High |
BivWC vaccine (Shanchol): single dose vs placebo Cases of severe dehydrating cholera ( · healthy children and adults, male and female; high risk population Oral killed cholera vaccines for preventing cholera (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 204700 participants | High |
Non‐vitamin‐K‐antagonist oral anticoagulants vs placebo Apixaban (all doses combined) vs placebo · adults after AMI without an indication for anticoagulation Non‐vitamin‐K‐antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) after acute myocardial infarction: a network… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 8638 participants | Moderate |
Non‐vitamin‐K‐antagonist oral anticoagulants vs placebo Rivaroxaban (all doses combined) vs placebo · adults after AMI without an indication for anticoagulation Non‐vitamin‐K‐antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) after acute myocardial infarction: a network… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 21870 participants | High |
Non‐vitamin‐K‐antagonist oral anticoagulants vs placebo Dabigatran (all doses combined) vs placebo · adults after AMI without an indication for anticoagulation Non‐vitamin‐K‐antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) after acute myocardial infarction: a network… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1861 participants | Low |
Non‐vitamin‐K‐antagonist oral anticoagulants vs placebo Apixaban (all doses combined) vs placebo · adults after AMI without an indication for anticoagulation Non‐vitamin‐K‐antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) after acute myocardial infarction: a network… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 8638 participants | Moderate |
Non‐vitamin‐K‐antagonist oral anticoagulants vs placebo Rivaroxaban (all doses combined) vs placebo · adults after AMI without an indication for anticoagulation Non‐vitamin‐K‐antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) after acute myocardial infarction: a network… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 21870 participants | Moderate |
Non‐vitamin‐K‐antagonist oral anticoagulants vs placebo Dabigatran (all doses combined) vs placebo · adults after AMI without an indication for anticoagulation Non‐vitamin‐K‐antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) after acute myocardial infarction: a network… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1861 participants | Low |
Non‐vitamin‐K‐antagonist oral anticoagulants vs placebo Apixaban (all doses combined) vs placebo · adults after AMI without an indication for anticoagulation Non‐vitamin‐K‐antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) after acute myocardial infarction: a network… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 8544 participants | High |
Non‐vitamin‐K‐antagonist oral anticoagulants vs placebo Rivaroxaban (all doses combined) vs placebo · adults after AMI without an indication for anticoagulation Non‐vitamin‐K‐antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) after acute myocardial infarction: a network… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 21870 participants | High |
Non‐vitamin‐K‐antagonist oral anticoagulants vs placebo Dabigatran (all doses combined) vs placebo · adults after AMI without an indication for anticoagulation Non‐vitamin‐K‐antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) after acute myocardial infarction: a network… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1861 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: corticosteroid and local anaesthetic injection (CS+LA) vs local anaesthetic injection (LA) Pain: VAS(0 to 100; a lower score indicates less pain) (change from baseline and final values) · Morton's neuroma Treatments for Morton's neuroma (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 157 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: ultrasound‐guided injection of corticosteroid and local anaesthetic (UG CS+LA) vs non‐ultrasound‐guided injection of corticosteroid and local anaesthetic (NUG CS+LA) Adverse events · Morton's neuroma Treatments for Morton's neuroma (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.42 [0.12, 1.39] | 2 studies · 116 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: plantar‐incision neurectomy (PN) vs dorsal‐incision neurectomy (DN) Pain: VAS(0 to 100; lower score indicates less pain) · Morton's neuroma Treatments for Morton's neuroma (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: plantar‐incision neurectomy (PN) vs dorsal‐incision neurectomy (DN) Function: restrictions in daily activities (4‐item Likert scale) · Morton's neuroma Treatments for Morton's neuroma (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: plantar‐incision neurectomy (PN) vs dorsal‐incision neurectomy (DN) HRQoL · Morton's neuroma Treatments for Morton's neuroma (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: plantar‐incision neurectomy (PN) vs dorsal‐incision neurectomy (DN) Satisfaction: 4‐item Likert scale (dichotomised into satisfied and dissatisfied) · Morton's neuroma Treatments for Morton's neuroma (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.87, 1.28] | 1 study · 73 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: plantar‐incision neurectomy (PN) vs dorsal‐incision neurectomy (DN) Adverse events · Morton's neuroma Treatments for Morton's neuroma (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.32, 2.85] | 1 study · 75 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: corticosteroid and local anaesthetic injection (CS+LA) vs local anaesthetic injection (LA) Function: · Morton's neuroma Treatments for Morton's neuroma (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 157 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: corticosteroid and local anaesthetic injection (CS+LA) vs local anaesthetic injection (LA) HRQoL: EQ‐5D (0 to 1; a higher score indicates improved HRQoL) (final values) · Morton's neuroma Treatments for Morton's neuroma (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 122 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: corticosteroid and local anaesthetic injection (CS+LA) vs local anaesthetic injection (LA) Satisfaction: Modified Johnson Scale (dichotomised into satisfied and dissatisfied) · Morton's neuroma Treatments for Morton's neuroma (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.08 [0.63, 1.85] | 1 study · 35 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: corticosteroid and local anaesthetic injection (CS+LA) vs local anaesthetic injection (LA) Adverse events · Morton's neuroma Treatments for Morton's neuroma (2024) · Cochrane | RR 9.84 [1.28, 75.56] | 2 studies · 157 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: ultrasound‐guided injection of corticosteroid and local anaesthetic (UG CS+LA) vs non‐ultrasound‐guided injection of corticosteroid and local anaesthetic (NUG CS+LA) Pain: VAS (0 to 100; a lower score indicates less pain) (final values) · Morton's neuroma Treatments for Morton's neuroma (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 116 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: ultrasound‐guided injection of corticosteroid and local anaesthetic (UG CS+LA) vs non‐ultrasound‐guided injection of corticosteroid and local anaesthetic (NUG CS+LA) Function: · Morton's neuroma Treatments for Morton's neuroma (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 116 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: ultrasound‐guided injection of corticosteroid and local anaesthetic (UG CS+LA) vs non‐ultrasound‐guided injection of corticosteroid and local anaesthetic (NUG CS+LA) HRQoL · Morton's neuroma Treatments for Morton's neuroma (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: ultrasound‐guided injection of corticosteroid and local anaesthetic (UG CS+LA) vs non‐ultrasound‐guided injection of corticosteroid and local anaesthetic (NUG CS+LA) Satisfaction: 4‐point Likert scale (dichotomised into satisfied and dissatisfied) · Morton's neuroma Treatments for Morton's neuroma (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.71 [1.19, 2.44] | 2 studies · 114 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Change in absolute walking distance from baseline (m) · people with intermittent claudication Mobile health technologies to improve walking distance in people with intermittent claudication (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 503 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Change in claudication distance from baseline (m) · people with intermittent claudication Mobile health technologies to improve walking distance in people with intermittent claudication (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Amputation‐free survival · people with intermittent claudication Mobile health technologies to improve walking distance in people with intermittent claudication (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Revascularisation‐free survival · people with intermittent claudication Mobile health technologies to improve walking distance in people with intermittent claudication (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) · people with intermittent claudication Mobile health technologies to improve walking distance in people with intermittent claudication (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.37 [0.07, 28.17] | 1 study · 305 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Major adverse limb events (MALE) · people with intermittent claudication Mobile health technologies to improve walking distance in people with intermittent claudication (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Above‐ankle amputation · people with intermittent claudication Mobile health technologies to improve walking distance in people with intermittent claudication (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Supervised exercise therapy following vascular intervention vs vascular intervention alone MWD ‐ change from baseline · people with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease§ Effects of additional exercise therapy after a successful vascular intervention for people with symptomatic… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 89 participants | Very low |
Supervised exercise therapy following vascular intervention vs vascular intervention alone 6MWT ‐ change from baseline · people with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease§ Effects of additional exercise therapy after a successful vascular intervention for people with symptomatic… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 49 participants | Very low |
Supervised exercise therapy following vascular intervention vs vascular intervention alone PFWD ‐ change from baseline · people with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease§ Effects of additional exercise therapy after a successful vascular intervention for people with symptomatic… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 87 participants | Very low |
Supervised exercise therapy following vascular intervention vs vascular intervention alone ABI ‐ absolute value · people with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease§ Effects of additional exercise therapy after a successful vascular intervention for people with symptomatic… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 110 participants | Very low |
Supervised exercise therapy following vascular intervention vs vascular intervention alone Mortality · people with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease§ Effects of additional exercise therapy after a successful vascular intervention for people with symptomatic… (2024) · Cochrane | OR 0.92 [0.42, 2] | 6 studies · 346 participants | Very low |