What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

• Food fortification with multiple micronutrients: impact on health outcomes in general population 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 2889 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Food fortification with multiple micronutrients: impact on health outcomes in general population 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Fluoxetine vs placebo

• Fluoxetine for adults who are overweight or obese 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 97 participants
  Very low

Equivalent schedules of intradermal fractional‐dose inactivated poliovirus vaccine vs intramuscular inactivated poliovirus vaccine

• Equivalent schedules of intradermal fractional dose versus intramuscular full dose of inactivated polio vaccine for… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 4887 participants
  Very low

Acetaminophen vs control or placebo medications

• Pharmacological interventions for the prevention of acute postoperative pain in adults following brain surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 131 participants
  Very low

Early enteral nutrition vs delayed enteral nutrition

It is very uncertain whether early enteral nutrition changes feed intolerance or gastrointestinal complications (as defined by… compared with delayed enteral nutrition (very low certainty).

• Early enteral nutrition (within 48 hours) versus delayed enteral nutrition (after 48 hours) with or without… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.84 [0.35, 2.01]
  1 study · 59 participants
  Very low

Real‐time video counselling vs telephone counselling

It is very uncertain whether real‐time video counselling changes smoking cessation (strictest definition and longest compared with telephone counselling (very low certainty).

• Real‐time video counselling for smoking cessation 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.15 [0.38, 12.04]
  608 participants
  Very low

URS with stent placement vs URS with no stent placement

It is very uncertain whether URS with stent placement changes ureteral stricture up to 90 days compared with URS with no stent placement (very low certainty).

• Ureteral stent versus no ureteral stent for ureteroscopy in the management of renal and ureteral calculi 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.58 [0.23, 1.47]
  14 studies · 1625 participants
  Very low

Intervention diet vs control diet

It is very uncertain whether intervention diet changes induction of remission at 6 weeks ‐ Highly restricted, organic diet compared with control diet (very low certainty).

• Dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.39, 2.53]
  1 study · 18 participants
  Very low

Intervention diet vs control diet

• Dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 14 participants
  Very low

Natriuretic peptide‐guided treatment vs usual care

Natriuretic peptide‐guided treatment leads to lower ventricular dysfunction (as defined by trialists) compared with standard care (high certainty).

• Natriuretic peptide‐guided treatment for the prevention of cardiovascular events in patients without heart failure 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.61 [0.41, 0.91]
  1 study · 1374 participants
  High

Speech and language therapy vs healthy lifestyle advice

Speech and language therapy showed no clear difference in subjective measures of cough (e.g. VAS/numerical cough scale score) compared with healthy lifestyle advice (low certainty).

• Speech and language therapy for management of chronic cough 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 71 participants
  Low

Animal‐assisted therapy (AAT (live animal)) vs robotic animals

• Animal‐assisted therapy for dementia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 78 participants
  Low

Animal‐assisted therapy (AAT (live animal)) vs no AAT

• Animal‐assisted therapy for dementia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 142 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to lower ventricular arrhythmias (within 30 days) (low certainty).

• Perioperative beta‐blockers for preventing surgery‐related mortality and morbidity in adults undergoing cardiac surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.4 [0.25, 0.63]
  12 studies · 2296 participants
  Low

Perioperative beta‐blockers vs placebo or usual care

It is very uncertain whether perioperative beta‐blockers changes ventricular arrhythmias (within 30 days) compared with placebo or standard care (very low certainty).

• Perioperative beta‐blockers for preventing surgery‐related mortality and morbidity in adults undergoing non‐cardiac… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.72 [0.35, 1.47]
  5 studies · 476 participants
  Very low

Two doses of HPV vaccine with longer interval vs two doses of HPV vaccine with shorter interval

• Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of HPV‐related… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 16 participants
  Moderate

4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

It is very uncertain whether 4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine changes duration of anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy pulps) compared with 4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (very low certainty).

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD -8.98 [-15.17, -2.79]
  5 studies · 162 participants
  Very low

4% prilocaine plain vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

4% prilocaine plain showed no clear difference in success of local anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy… compared with 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (low certainty).

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.93 [0.75, 1.17]
  2 studies · 60 participants
  Low

4% articaine plain vs 4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine

It is very uncertain whether 4% articaine plain changes success of local anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy… compared with 4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine (very low certainty).

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.58 [0.33, 1.01]
  2 studies · 134 participants
  Very low