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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

374 questions · 377 findings · 63 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 88 · 23.3%GRADE not reported 32 · 8.5%Very low 92 · 24.4%Low 103 · 27.3%Moderate 50 · 13.3%High 12 · 3.2%

Intervention not reported

Perinatal/neonatal death or severe neonatal morbidity ‐ Low national perinatal mortality rate · women with term breech delivery

The intervention probably leads to lower perinatal/neonatal death or severe neonatal morbidity ‐ Low national… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐dose antibiotic vs short duration antibiotics

Low birthweight ‐ Same antimicrobial agent only · patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy

Single‐dose antibiotic leads to higher low birthweight ‐ Same antimicrobial agent only compared with short‐course (four‐ to seven‐day) antibiotic (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any supplements containing iron vs same supplements without iron or no treatment/placebo (no iron or placebo)

Low birthweight · pregnant women

(Infant outcomes) Any supplements containing iron showed no clear difference in low birthweight (less than 2500 g) (ALL) compared with same supplements without iron or no treatment/placebo (no iron or… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any supplements containing iron and folic acid vs same supplements without iron nor folic acid (no iron nor folic acid or placebo)

Low birthweight · pregnant women

(Infant outcomes) Any supplements containing iron and folic acid showed no clear difference in low birthweight (less than 2500 g) (ALL) compared with same supplements without iron nor folic acid (no iron nor folic acid… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Routine fetal movement counting vs mixed or undefined fetal movement counting

Low birthweight (< 2500 g or < 10th centile) · Pregnant women who had reached the gestational age of fetal viability

Routine fetal movement counting showed no clear difference in low birthweight (< 2500 g or < 10th centile) compared with mixed or undefined fetal movement counting (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo or no intervention

Low birthweight · healthy pregnant women receiving calcium supplementation vs placebo or no treatment

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in low birthweight (< 2500 g) compared with placebo or no treatment (maternal outcomes) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Planned early birth vs expectant management

Major neonatal morbidity · pregnant women with a term suspected compromised baby

Planned early delivery showed no clear difference in major neonatal morbidity one or more of the following: hypoxic… compared with expectant management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Planned early birth vs expectant management

Significant maternal morbidity one or more of the following: significant postpartum haemorrhage requiring blood transfusion; maternal admission to intensive care unit; uterine rupture; hysterectomy · pregnant women with a term suspected compromised baby

Planned early delivery showed no clear difference in significant maternal morbidity one or more of the following:… compared with expectant management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any intermittent iron regimen (with or without other vitamins and minerals) vs daily regimen (with same vitamins and minerals)‐maternal outcomes

Low birthweight · Women receiving supplements in pregnancy

Any intermittent iron regimen (with or without other vitamins and… showed no clear difference in low birthweight (less than 2500 g) compared with daily regimen (with same vitamins and minerals)‐infant outcomes (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review