Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

245 questions · 277 findings · 32 reviews

No studies found 48 · 17.3%GRADE not reported 109 · 39.4%Very low 70 · 25.3%Low 22 · 7.9%Moderate 19 · 6.9%High 9 · 3.2%

Chlorhexidine + zinc acetate mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

Adverse events · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
    mean 3 months
    Adverse events: listed in the Summary of findings table but no data reported. No data were reported for adverse events.
    0 studies
    No studies found

Chlorhexidine + zinc acetate mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

Patient-reported OLT score · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
    mean 3 months
    Patient-reported OLT score: listed in the Summary of findings table but no data reported. No data were reported for patient-reported OLT score.
    0 studies
    No studies found

Chlorhexidine + zinc acetate mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

Dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

It is very uncertain whether chlorhexidine + zinc acetate mouthwash changes dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) compared with placebo mouthwash (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antiseptic mouthwash (e.g. chlorhexidine) vs Another topical agent or placebo

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · HIV‐infected adults (> 13 years of age, per CDC) with one or more painful intraoral aphthous ulcers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • No studies were included in this review. A total of 233 abstracts were retrieved; 25 were selected as potentially eligible but all were excluded (10 reported systemic rather than topical treatment; 3 non‐RCTs; 6…
    0 studies
    No studies found

Antiseptic mouthwash (e.g. chlorhexidine) vs Another topical agent or placebo

Duration to heal oral ulcerations after initiation of treatment · HIV‐infected adults (> 13 years of age, per CDC) with one or more painful intraoral aphthous ulcers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • No studies were included in this review. A total of 233 abstracts were retrieved; 25 were selected as potentially eligible but all were excluded (10 reported systemic rather than topical treatment; 3 non‐RCTs; 6…
    0 studies
    No studies found

Antiseptic mouthwash (e.g. chlorhexidine) vs Another topical agent or placebo

Healing of ulceration · HIV‐infected adults (> 13 years of age, per CDC) with one or more painful intraoral aphthous ulcers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • No studies were included in this review. A total of 233 abstracts were retrieved; 25 were selected as potentially eligible but all were excluded (10 reported systemic rather than topical treatment; 3 non‐RCTs; 6…
    0 studies
    No studies found

Antiseptic mouthwash (e.g. chlorhexidine) vs Another topical agent or placebo

Incidence and recurrence after healing of ulcers · HIV‐infected adults (> 13 years of age, per CDC) with one or more painful intraoral aphthous ulcers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • No studies were included in this review. A total of 233 abstracts were retrieved; 25 were selected as potentially eligible but all were excluded (10 reported systemic rather than topical treatment; 3 non‐RCTs; 6…
    0 studies
    No studies found

Antiseptic mouthwash (e.g. chlorhexidine) vs Another topical agent or placebo

Adverse effects of long‐term use of available topical agents · HIV‐infected adults (> 13 years of age, per CDC) with one or more painful intraoral aphthous ulcers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • No studies were included in this review. A total of 233 abstracts were retrieved; 25 were selected as potentially eligible but all were excluded (10 reported systemic rather than topical treatment; 3 non‐RCTs; 6…
    0 studies
    No studies found

Chlorhexidine dressing following alcohol cleansing vs polyurethane dressing following aqueous povidone‐iodine cleansing

Sepsis without a source · newborn infants with central venous catheters

Chlorhexidine dressing following alcohol cleansing showed no clear difference in sepsis without a source compared with polyurethane dressing following aqueous povidone‐iodine cleansing (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine dressing following alcohol cleansing vs polyurethane dressing following aqueous povidone‐iodine cleansing

Catheter‐related blood stream infection · newborn infants with central venous catheters

Chlorhexidine dressing following alcohol cleansing showed no clear difference in catheter‐related blood stream infection compared with polyurethane dressing following aqueous povidone‐iodine cleansing (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine dressing following alcohol cleansing vs polyurethane dressing following aqueous povidone‐iodine cleansing

Catheter colonisation · newborn infants with central venous catheters

Chlorhexidine dressing following alcohol cleansing probably leads to lower catheter colonisation compared with polyurethane dressing following aqueous povidone‐iodine cleansing (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine dressing following alcohol cleansing vs polyurethane dressing following aqueous povidone‐iodine cleansing

Adverse effects: contact dermatitis · newborn infants with central venous catheters

Chlorhexidine dressing following alcohol cleansing probably leads to higher adverse effects: contact dermatitis compared with polyurethane dressing following aqueous povidone‐iodine cleansing (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Four per cent chlorhexidine + hand hygiene promotion vs usual care

Authors reported adverse outcomes (events without hospitalisation) · Neonates and caregivers

It is very uncertain whether four per cent chlorhexidine + hand hygiene promotion changes authors reported adverse outcomes (events without hospitalisation) compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine solution enclosed in implant inner part vs Normal saline

Plaque · Adults with dental implants and healthy peri-implant soft tissues at baseline

Chlorhexidine solution enclosed in implant inner part showed no clear difference in plaque compared with physiologic (saline) solution; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Sodium hypochlorite 1% with chlorhexidine 2% final rinse vs Sodium hypochlorite 1% with normal saline final rinse

Proportion of participants with new or worsening signs/symptoms of inflammation requiring a revisit, up to 14 days after the procedure · Patients aged 14 to 78 years with mature permanent teeth (fully formed roots), single or multi-rooted, with pulpal or periapical…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review