What do systematic reviews say?

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs placebo

• Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 34 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in trichomoniasis (low certainty).

• Topical microbicides for preventing sexually transmitted infections 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.21 [0.84, 1.74]
  1 study · 2010 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in trichomoniasis (low certainty).

• Topical microbicides for preventing sexually transmitted infections 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.62, 1.49]
  1 study · 1425 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in trichomoniasis (low certainty).

• Topical microbicides for preventing sexually transmitted infections 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.06 [0.92, 1.23]
  2 studies · 4588 participants
  Low

Coenzyme Q10 vs placebo or conventional therapy

• Coenzyme Q10 for heart failure 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 650 participants
  Very low

Discontinuing cholinesterase inhibitor vs continued cholinesterase inhibitor

• Withdrawal or continuation of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine or both, in people with dementia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 136 participants
  Low
• Withdrawal or continuation of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine or both, in people with dementia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 108 participants
  Moderate

Discontinuing cholinesterase inhibitor vs continued cholinesterase inhibitor

• Withdrawal or continuation of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine or both, in people with dementia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 410 participants
  Low

Ultrasound‐guided injection vs non‐image‐guided injection

• Image‐guided glucocorticoid injection versus injection without image guidance for shoulder pain 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  15 studies · 1003 participants
  Moderate

Ultrasound‐guided injection vs non‐image‐guided injection

It is very uncertain whether ultrasound‐guided injection changes participant‐assessed success 50% improvement on numerical rating 0… compared with non‐image‐guided injection (very low certainty).

• Image‐guided glucocorticoid injection versus injection without image guidance for shoulder pain 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.56 [0.89, 2.75]
  5 studies · 350 participants
  Very low

Primary health professionals and lay health workers vs usual care

• Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐ and… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 134 participants
  Low

CHIVA vs stripping

CHIVA showed no clear difference in recurrence of varicose veins compared with stripping (low certainty).

• CHIVA method for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.74 [0.46, 1.2]
  5 studies · 966 participants
  Low

Peer support vs usual care

• Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 864 participants
  Very low

Peer support vs usual care

• Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 143 participants
  Very low

Surfactant administration via thin catheter (S‐TC) vs surfactant administration through an endotracheal tube (S‐ETT)

Surfactant administration via thin catheter (S‐TC) may leads to lower severe intraventricular haemorrhage (grade III or IV) compared with surfactant administration through an endotracheal tube (S‐ETT) (low certainty).

• Surfactant therapy via thin catheter in preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.63 [0.42, 0.96]
  5 studies · 857 participants
  Low

Levetiracetam vs phenobarbital

• Treatment of epilepsy for people with Alzheimer's disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 66 participants
  Very low

Lamotrigine vs phenobarbital

• Treatment of epilepsy for people with Alzheimer's disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 57 participants
  Very low

Levetiracetam vs lamotrigine

• Treatment of epilepsy for people with Alzheimer's disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 67 participants
  Very low

Fourteen‐weeks vs 7‐weeks multimodal exercise training

• Exercise training for adult lung transplant recipients 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 59 participants
  Very low

High vs standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula

High showed no clear difference in extrauterine growth restriction at discharge compared with standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula (low certainty).

• High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.71 [0.5, 1.02]
  2 studies · 271 participants
  Low

High vs standard volume of unfortified human milk or term formula

• High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported