Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,297 questions · 3,638 findings · 215 reviews · Oral Health

No studies found 98 · 2.7%GRADE not reported 2,946 · 81%Very low 263 · 7.2%Low 158 · 4.3%Moderate 137 · 3.8%High 36 · 1%

High-frequency sugar consumption (three or more times daily) vs Low sugar intake (fewer than three times daily)

Dental caries in permanent teeth · Nigerian individuals with permanent dentition (approximately 12 years and older)

In permanent dentition, high-frequency sugar consumption was associated with non-significant 15% higher odds of caries (OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.52), with no heterogeneity (I2=0%; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Not applicable (single-group prevalence) vs Not applicable (single-group prevalence)

Proportion of teeth with non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) in ancient skulls · Ancient/prehistoric human skulls (excavated/archaeological skeletal remains)

Non-carious cervical lesions affected a pooled proportion of about 0.4% of teeth in ancient skulls (4 studies; ungraded, very high heterogeneity I2=97.6%).

1 finding from 1 review

Teledentistry diagnosis using DSLR or smartphone extra-oral photographs vs Visual or clinical examination

Intra-examiner reliability · Children and adults with primary or permanent dentition

Intra-examiner kappa statistics ranged from 0.52 to 1.00 across 6 studies; no meta-analysis or GRADE rating was reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Teledentistry (index test): dental caries diagnosis from photographs taken with DSLR or smartphone cameras; store-and-forward vs Visual or clinical examination

Inter-examiner reliability · Children and adults with primary or permanent dentition undergoing dental caries assessment

Inter-examiner reliability ranged from kappa 0.44 to 0.91 across 13 studies (moderate to almost perfect agreement); certainty not graded.

1 finding from 1 review

Xylitol (low-intensity sweetener/sugar alcohol) in food products (chewing gum, milk, candy, or tablets) vs Sorbitol (low-intensity sweetener)

Change in Mutans streptococci (MS) count in dental plaque · healthy people

Xylitol reduced Mutans streptococci in dental plaque more than sorbitol (SMD -0.45, 95% CI -0.69 to -0.21; 4 trials, I2=7%); not GRADE-rated.

1 finding from 1 review

TT+GG (homozygous) genotypes vs TG (heterozygous) genotype

Dental caries · Children (<18 years) with vs without dental caries

TaqI/BglI(rs739837) over-dominant model: TT+GG vs TG was not significantly associated with dental caries (OR 0.89); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Primary teeth / primary dentition (younger children) vs Permanent teeth / permanent dentition (older children)

Dental caries susceptibility · Institutionalized orphan children (roughly 3 to 18 years)

Primary teeth may carry a higher caries risk than permanent teeth in institutionalized children (RR 1.31), but the difference is not statistically significant (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Overweight/obesity (combined) vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese

Dental caries prevalence · Brazilian children under 5 years in primary dentition (BMI classified by WHO 2006 Z-score)

The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of overweight/obesity on caries odds in the primary dentition (WHO 2006 Z-score; very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Genome-wide common variants (aggregate additive; LD score regression) vs Not applicable (variance-component estimate)

Dental caries - SNP-based heritability · Japanese adults (present-study cohort)

SNP-based heritability of dental caries was low (h2=0.0258, SE 0.0155); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Placebo, control, and/or other interventions

Caries arrestment at the tooth level · Children and adults without systemic diseases affecting dental health

SDF showed a higher caries-free proportion at the tooth level, but the reported difference was not statistically significant.

1 finding from 1 review

CC genotype vs CT+TT genotypes

Dental caries · Children (<18 years) with vs without dental caries

Recessive model (CC vs CT+TT) at FokI(rs10735810) showed no significant association with caries (OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.97-1.55); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Obesity (Unclassified) vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese

Dental caries prevalence · Brazilian children in primary dentition (BMI classified by CDC 2000 growth charts)

The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of obesity on caries odds in the primary dentition (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Extraction at patient age <8 years vs Extraction at patient age >10 years

Spontaneous space closure · Children and adolescents after extraction of a mandibular permanent first molar (before eruption of the second molar)

In the mandible, extraction before age 8 (vs after 10) increases odds of space closure (OR 5.01; low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CC+AA (homozygous) genotypes vs CA (heterozygous) genotype

Dental caries · Children (<18 years) with vs without dental caries

ApaI(rs7975232) over-dominant model: CC+AA vs CA was not significantly associated with dental caries (OR 0.91); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Age 8-10 years vs Extraction at patient age >10 years

Spontaneous space closure · Children and adolescents after extraction of a mandibular permanent first molar (before eruption of the second molar)

In the mandible, extraction at age 8-10 (vs after 10) increases odds of space closure (OR 3.32; low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review