Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,288 questions · 3,354 findings · 516 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 720 · 21.5%GRADE not reported 164 · 4.9%Very low 950 · 28.3%Low 932 · 27.8%Moderate 434 · 12.9%High 154 · 4.6%

Intervention not reported

Trichomoniasis · heterosexual women

The intervention showed no clear difference in trichomoniasis (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical microbicides for preventing sexually transmitted infections 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.06 [0.92, 1.23]
2 studies · 4588 participants
Low

Coenzyme Q10 vs placebo or conventional therapy

Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) · patients with heart failure

1 finding from 1 review

Coenzyme Q10 for heart failure 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 650 participants
Very low

Discontinuing cholinesterase inhibitor vs continued cholinesterase inhibitor

Change in NPI · people with dementia

2 findings from 1 review

Withdrawal or continuation of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine or both, in people with dementia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 136 participants
Low
Withdrawal or continuation of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine or both, in people with dementia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 108 participants
Moderate

Discontinuing cholinesterase inhibitor vs continued cholinesterase inhibitor

Change in NPI · patients withdementia

1 finding from 1 review

Withdrawal or continuation of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine or both, in people with dementia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 410 participants
Low

Ultrasound‐guided injection vs non‐image‐guided injection

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Patients with shoulder pain

1 finding from 1 review

Image‐guided glucocorticoid injection versus injection without image guidance for shoulder pain 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
15 studies · 1003 participants
Moderate

Ultrasound‐guided injection vs non‐image‐guided injection

Participant‐assessed success 50% improvement on numerical rating 0 to 10 scale for pain) · Patients with shoulder pain

It is very uncertain whether ultrasound‐guided injection changes participant‐assessed success 50% improvement on numerical rating 0… compared with non‐image‐guided injection (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Image‐guided glucocorticoid injection versus injection without image guidance for shoulder pain 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.56 [0.89, 2.75]
5 studies · 350 participants
Very low

Primary health professionals and lay health workers vs usual care

Mental distress · people with dementia and their carers

1 finding from 1 review

Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐ and… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 134 participants
Low

CHIVA vs stripping

Recurrent varicose veins · people with CVI (CEAP 2–6)

CHIVA showed no clear difference in recurrence of varicose veins compared with stripping (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CHIVA method for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.74 [0.46, 1.2]
5 studies · 966 participants
Low

Psychological distress Measures: ‐ Parenting Stress Index (PSI‐SF) ‐ Psychiatric Symptom Index (PSI) ‐ PSI anxiety sub‐scale ‐ State anxiety inventory ‐ Center for Epidemological Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D) ‐ Profile of Mood State Inventory (... · parents and carers of children with complex needs

1 finding from 1 review

Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 864 participants
Very low

Peer support vs usual care

Quality of life Measures: ‐ Pediatric Asthma Caregiver's Quality of Life Questionnaire (PACQLQ) ‐ Beach Centre Family Quality of Life Scale (higher scores = better quality of life) Timing of · parents and carers of children with complex needs

1 finding from 1 review

Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 143 participants
Very low

Surfactant administration via thin catheter (S‐TC) vs surfactant administration through an endotracheal tube (S‐ETT)

Severe intraventricular haemorrhage · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Surfactant administration via thin catheter (S‐TC) may leads to lower severe intraventricular haemorrhage (grade III or IV) compared with surfactant administration through an endotracheal tube (S‐ETT) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant therapy via thin catheter in preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.63 [0.42, 0.96]
5 studies · 857 participants
Low

Levetiracetam vs phenobarbital

Change in neuropsychiatric symptoms · patients with AD and epileptic seizures

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment of epilepsy for people with Alzheimer's disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 66 participants
Very low

Lamotrigine vs phenobarbital

Change in neuropsychiatric symptoms · patients with AD and epileptic seizures

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment of epilepsy for people with Alzheimer's disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 57 participants
Very low

Levetiracetam vs lamotrigine

Change in neuropsychiatric symptoms · patients with AD and epileptic seizures

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment of epilepsy for people with Alzheimer's disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 67 participants
Very low

Fourteen‐weeks vs 7‐weeks multimodal exercise training

Muscle strength · adult lung transplant recipients

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise training for adult lung transplant recipients 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 59 participants
Very low

High vs standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula

Extrauterine growth restriction at discharge · preterm or low birth weight infants

High showed no clear difference in extrauterine growth restriction at discharge compared with standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.71 [0.5, 1.02]
2 studies · 271 participants
Low

High vs standard volume of unfortified human milk or term formula

Extrauterine growth restriction at discharge · preterm or low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Bisphosphonate treatment (oral or intravenous) vs placebo or no treatment

Change in volumetric BMD of distal radius or tibia · children under the age of 18 with cerebral palsy (GMFCS levels III to V)

1 finding from 1 review

Bisphosphonate use in children with cerebral palsy 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Cannabinoids vs placebo

Adverse events: psychological disorders · diagnosis of dementia (dementia in Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, or mixed dementia; any severity

Comparison: cannabinoids showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ psychiatric disorders ‐ total psychiatric disorders ( compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cannabinoids for the treatment of dementia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 2.26 [0.57, 9.02]
1 study · 50 participants
Low

Aldosterone antagonists vs placebo or usual care

Left ventricular mass · people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis

1 finding from 1 review

Aldosterone antagonists for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 562 participants
Low