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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Population

Intervention or exposure

Comparison

Outcome

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Review versions

75,239 questions in 5,342 reviews

current versions

No studies 15,213 · 20.2%Ungraded 10,323 · 13.7%Very low 17,528 · 23.3%Low 17,951 · 23.9%Moderate 11,190 · 14.9%High 3,034 · 4%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Intervention NR Davies 2016 · children (aged 0 to < 18 years) who underwent blunt trauma evaluation in the emergency department Index test: CDRs or… Triage tools for detecting cervical spine injury in paediatric trauma patients (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	270 participants	Very low
Intervention NR NEXUS · children (aged 0 to < 18 years) who underwent blunt trauma evaluation in the emergency department Index test: CDRs… Triage tools for detecting cervical spine injury in paediatric trauma patients (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 4038 participants	Low
Intervention NR Canadian C‐Spine Rule · children (aged 0 to < 18 years) who underwent blunt trauma evaluation in the emergency department Index test: CDRs… Triage tools for detecting cervical spine injury in paediatric trauma patients (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 973 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR PECARN retrospective · children (aged 0 to < 18 years) who underwent blunt trauma evaluation in the emergency department Index test: CDRs… Triage tools for detecting cervical spine injury in paediatric trauma patients (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 5064 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Leonard de novo · children (aged 0 to < 18 years) who underwent blunt trauma evaluation in the emergency department Index test: CDRs… Triage tools for detecting cervical spine injury in paediatric trauma patients (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 4091 participants	Low
Intervention NR PEDSPINE criteria · children (aged 0 to < 18 years) who underwent blunt trauma evaluation in the emergency department Index test: CDRs… Triage tools for detecting cervical spine injury in paediatric trauma patients (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 12537 participants	Very low
Intervention NR NICE CG56 · children (aged 0 to < 18 years) who underwent blunt trauma evaluation in the emergency department Index test: CDRs… Triage tools for detecting cervical spine injury in paediatric trauma patients (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 270 participants	Very low
Mobile phone text messaging vs usual care Medication adherence (self‐reported adherence, questionnaire, tablet counts, medication event monitoring systems, pharmacy prescription data) · people with established arterial occlusive events Mobile phone text messaging for medication adherence in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	18 studies · 8136 participants	Very low
Mobile phone text messaging vs usual care Fatal cardiovascular events (percentage of people having fatal cardiovascular events) · people with established arterial occlusive events Mobile phone text messaging for medication adherence in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2024) · Cochrane	OR 0.83 [0.47, 1.45]	4 studies · 1654 participants	Low
Mobile phone text messaging vs usual care Non‐fatal cardiovascular events (percentage of people having non‐fatal cardiovascular events) · people with established arterial occlusive events Mobile phone text messaging for medication adherence in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	Very low
Mobile phone text messaging vs usual care Combined CVD events (percentage of people having combined CVD events) · people with established arterial occlusive events Mobile phone text messaging for medication adherence in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	Very low
Mobile phone text messaging vs usual care Low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) (endpoint low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol reading) · people with established arterial occlusive events Mobile phone text messaging for medication adherence in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	8 studies · 4983 participants	Very low
Mobile phone text messaging vs usual care Blood pressure (mmHg) (endpoint blood pressure reading) · people with established arterial occlusive events Mobile phone text messaging for medication adherence in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	8 studies · 5173 participants	Very low
Mobile phone text messaging vs usual care Heart rate (beats per minute) (endpoint heart rate reading) · people with established arterial occlusive events Mobile phone text messaging for medication adherence in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 2946 participants	Very low
Low molecular weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin Extracorporeal circuit thrombosis Median · adults with kidney failure treated with long‐term HD Anticoagulation for people receiving long‐term haemodialysis (2024) · Cochrane	1.58 [0.46, 5.42]	3 studies · 91 participants	Low
Low molecular weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin Major bleeding Median · adults with kidney failure treated with long‐term HD Anticoagulation for people receiving long‐term haemodialysis (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Low molecular weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin Death (any cause) Median · adults with kidney failure treated with long‐term HD Anticoagulation for people receiving long‐term haemodialysis (2024) · Cochrane	RR 2.64 [0.51, 13.83]	3 studies · 120 participants	Low
Low molecular weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin Dialysis vascular access thrombosis Median · adults with kidney failure treated with long‐term HD Anticoagulation for people receiving long‐term haemodialysis (2024) · Cochrane	RR 0.2 [0.01, 3.7]	2 studies · 45 participants	Low
Low molecular weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin Dialysis vascular adequacy (Kt/V) · adults with kidney failure treated with long‐term HD Anticoagulation for people receiving long‐term haemodialysis (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 20 participants	Low
Low molecular weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin Minor bleeding Median · adults with kidney failure treated with long‐term HD Anticoagulation for people receiving long‐term haemodialysis (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Low molecular weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin Blood transfusion · adults with kidney failure treated with long‐term HD Anticoagulation for people receiving long‐term haemodialysis (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs no intervention Dropouts · adults with stimulant use disorder Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder (2024) · Cochrane	RR 0.82 [0.74, 0.91]	29 studies · 4049 participants	High
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs treatment Point abstinence, longest · adults with stimulant use disorder Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder (2024) · Cochrane	RR 1.31 [0.86, 1.99]	2 studies · 124 participants	Very low
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs treatment Continuous abstinence, end of treatment · adults with stimulant use disorder Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder (2024) · Cochrane	RR 1.18 [0.92, 1.53]	1 study · 128 participants	Low
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs treatment Frequency of drug intake, end of treatment · adults with stimulant use disorder Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 479 participants	Moderate
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs treatment Longest period of abstinence · adults with stimulant use disorder Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 110 participants	Low
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs treatment Continuous abstinence, longest · adults with stimulant use disorder Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs no intervention Point abstinence, end of treatment · adults with stimulant use disorder Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder (2024) · Cochrane	RR 1.15 [0.94, 1.41]	12 studies · 1293 participants	High
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs no intervention Point abstinence, longest · adults with stimulant use disorder Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder (2024) · Cochrane	RR 1.22 [0.91, 1.62]	9 studies · 1187 participants	High
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs no intervention Continuous abstinence, end of treatment · adults with stimulant use disorder Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder (2024) · Cochrane	RR 1.89 [1.2, 2.97]	12 studies · 1770 participants	Moderate
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs no intervention Continuous abstinence, longest · adults with stimulant use disorder Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder (2024) · Cochrane	RR 1.14 [0.85, 1.54]	3 studies · 266 participants	Low
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs no intervention Frequency of drug intake, end of treatment · adults with stimulant use disorder Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	9 studies · 1186 participants	High
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs no intervention Longest period of abstinence · adults with stimulant use disorder Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	17 studies · 2118 participants	High
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs treatment Dropouts · adults with stimulant use disorder Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder (2024) · Cochrane	RR 0.79 [0.65, 0.97]	9 studies · 735 participants	High
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs treatment Point abstinence, end of treatment · adults with stimulant use disorder Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder (2024) · Cochrane	RR 1.67 [0.64, 4.31]	1 study · 128 participants	Low
Transvaginal permanent mesh vs native tissue repair Awareness of prolapse (0.5 to 7 years) · vaginal prolapse Transvaginal mesh or grafts or native tissue repair for vaginal prolapse (2024) · Cochrane	RR 0.83 [0.73, 0.95]	17 studies · 2932 participants	Moderate
Transvaginal biological graft vs native tissue repair Surgery for recurrent prolapse (1 to 2 years) · vaginal prolapse Transvaginal mesh or grafts or native tissue repair for vaginal prolapse (2024) · Cochrane	RR 1.15 [0.75, 1.77]	6 studies · 899 participants	Moderate
Transvaginal biological graft vs native tissue repair Recurrent prolapse on examination · vaginal prolapse Transvaginal mesh or grafts or native tissue repair for vaginal prolapse (2024) · Cochrane	RR 0.96 [0.71, 1.29]	9 studies · 1278 participants	Low
Transvaginal biological graft vs native tissue repair Visceral injury · vaginal prolapse Transvaginal mesh or grafts or native tissue repair for vaginal prolapse (2024) · Cochrane	RR 0.34 [0.04, 3.26]	2 studies · 254 participants	Low
Transvaginal biological graft vs native tissue repair Bladder function · vaginal prolapse Transvaginal mesh or grafts or native tissue repair for vaginal prolapse (2024) · Cochrane	RR 12.64 [1.6, 100.06]	2 studies · 143 participants	Very low
Transvaginal biological graft vs native tissue repair Painful intercourse ‐ de novo dyspareunia · vaginal prolapse Transvaginal mesh or grafts or native tissue repair for vaginal prolapse (2024) · Cochrane	RR 1.3 [0.46, 3.66]	2 studies · 125 participants	Moderate
Transvaginal biological graft vs native tissue repair Quality of life · vaginal prolapse Transvaginal mesh or grafts or native tissue repair for vaginal prolapse (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 112 participants	Very low
Transvaginal permanent mesh vs native tissue repair Repeat surgery (0.5 to 7 years) · vaginal prolapse Transvaginal mesh or grafts or native tissue repair for vaginal prolapse (2024) · Cochrane	RR 1.56 [1.07, 2.26]	27 studies · 3916 participants	Low
Transvaginal permanent mesh vs native tissue repair Recurrent prolapse on examination (any compartment) · vaginal prolapse Transvaginal mesh or grafts or native tissue repair for vaginal prolapse (2024) · Cochrane	RR 0.42 [0.32, 0.55]	25 studies · 3680 participants	Very low
Transvaginal permanent mesh vs native tissue repair Visceral injury · vaginal prolapse Transvaginal mesh or grafts or native tissue repair for vaginal prolapse (2024) · Cochrane	RR 3.67 [1.63, 8.28]	14 studies · 1997 participants	Low
Transvaginal permanent mesh vs native tissue repair Mesh exposure · vaginal prolapse Transvaginal mesh or grafts or native tissue repair for vaginal prolapse (2024) · Cochrane	RR 11.1 [6.81, 18.1]	26 studies · 2980 participants	Moderate
Transvaginal permanent mesh vs native tissue repair Bladder function · vaginal prolapse Transvaginal mesh or grafts or native tissue repair for vaginal prolapse (2024) · Cochrane	RR 1.5 [1.19, 1.88]	17 studies · 2001 participants	Moderate
Transvaginal permanent mesh vs native tissue repair Painful intercourse ‐ de novo dyspareunia · vaginal prolapse Transvaginal mesh or grafts or native tissue repair for vaginal prolapse (2024) · Cochrane	RR 1.22 [0.83, 1.79]	16 studies · 1308 participants	Moderate
Transvaginal permanent mesh vs native tissue repair Quality of life · vaginal prolapse Transvaginal mesh or grafts or native tissue repair for vaginal prolapse (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	9 studies · 1365 participants	Very low
Transvaginal biological graft vs native tissue repair Awareness of prolapse (1 to 3 years) · vaginal prolapse Transvaginal mesh or grafts or native tissue repair for vaginal prolapse (2024) · Cochrane	RR 1.06 [0.73, 1.56]	8 studies · 1374 participants	Moderate