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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

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Intervention or exposure

Comparison

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Review versions

2,589 questions in 168 reviews · Schizophrenia

current versions

No studies 601 · 23.2%Ungraded 446 · 17.2%Very low 721 · 27.8%Low 505 · 19.5%Moderate 274 · 10.6%High 42 · 1.6%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
PHYSICAL HEALTH ADVICE vs STANDARD CARE Quality of life Lehman Quality of Life Scale. Scale from: 1 to 7 · patients with people with serious mental illness General physical health advice for people with serious mental illness (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 54 participants	Very low
PHYSICAL HEALTH ADVICE vs STANDARD CARE Adverse effects Death of participant · patients with people with serious mental illness General physical health advice for people with serious mental illness (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.98 [0.27, 3.56]	2 studies · 487 participants	Low
PHYSICAL HEALTH ADVICE vs STANDARD CARE Economic ‐ not reported · patients with people with serious mental illness General physical health advice for people with serious mental illness (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
PHYSICAL HEALTH ADVICE vs STANDARD CARE Leaving the study early · patients with people with serious mental illness General physical health advice for people with serious mental illness (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.11 [0.92, 1.35]	6 studies · 964 participants	Very low
HEALTH EDUCATION vs HEALTH EMPOWERMENT EDUCATION Physical health awareness ‐ not reported · people with serious mental illness General physical health advice for people with serious mental illness (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
HEALTH EDUCATION vs HEALTH EMPOWERMENT EDUCATION Physical health behaviour ‐ not measured · people with serious mental illness General physical health advice for people with serious mental illness (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
HEALTH EDUCATION vs HEALTH EMPOWERMENT EDUCATION Quality of Life Lehaman Quality of Life Scale. Scale from: 1 to 7. · people with serious mental illness General physical health advice for people with serious mental illness (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 51 participants	Low
FLUPENTHIXOL vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTICS Response to treatment · patients with schizophrenia Flupenthixol versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
FLUPENTHIXOL vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTICS Acceptability to treatment ‐ leaving the study early due to any reason · patients with schizophrenia Flupenthixol versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
FLUPENTHIXOL vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTICS Adverse effects ‐ at least one adverse effect · patients with schizophrenia Flupenthixol versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
FLUPENTHIXOL vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTICS Adverse effects ‐ at least one movement disorder · patients with schizophrenia Flupenthixol versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
FLUPENTHIXOL vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTICS Adverse effects ‐ sedation · patients with schizophrenia Flupenthixol versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
FLUPENTHIXOL vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTICS Adverse effects ‐ death · patients with schizophrenia Flupenthixol versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
FLUPENTHIXOL vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTICS Quality of life · patients with schizophrenia Flupenthixol versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
FLUPHENAZINE vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS Response to treatment · patients with schizophrenia Fluphenazine versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.03 [0.73, 1.45]	2 studies · 103 participants	Moderate
FLUPHENAZINE vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS Acceptability of treatment‐leaving the study early due to any reason · patients with schizophrenia Fluphenazine versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1 [0.88, 1.14]	6 studies · 1532 participants	Moderate
FLUPHENAZINE vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS Adverse effects‐at least one adverse effect · patients with schizophrenia Fluphenazine versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.79 [0.58, 1.07]	1 study · 65 participants	Moderate
FLUPHENAZINE vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS Adverse effects‐movement disorders‐at least one movement disorder · patients with schizophrenia Fluphenazine versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	RR 2.11 [1.41, 3.15]	3 studies · 971 participants	Low
FLUPHENAZINE vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS Adverse effects‐other‐sedation · patients with schizophrenia Fluphenazine versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.31 [0.13, 0.77]	1 study · 65 participants	High
FLUPHENAZINE vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS Adverse effects‐death · patients with schizophrenia Fluphenazine versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
FLUPHENAZINE vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS Quality of life · patients with schizophrenia Fluphenazine versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
HALOPERIDOL vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS Clinical response to treatment · patients with schizophrenia Haloperidol versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.11 [0.86, 1.44]	14 studies · 574 participants	Low
HALOPERIDOL vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS Leaving the study early ‐ Due to any reason · patients with schizophrenia Haloperidol versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.82 [0.38, 1.77]	11 studies · 408 participants	Low
HALOPERIDOL vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS Adverse effects ‐ at least one adverse effect · patients with schizophrenia Haloperidol versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.97 [0.69, 5.66]	5 studies · 158 participants	Very low
HALOPERIDOL vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS Adverse effects ‐ movement disorders ‐ At least one movement disorder · patients with schizophrenia Haloperidol versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.64 [1.22, 2.21]	5 studies · 170 participants	Low
HALOPERIDOL vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS Adverse effects ‐ other ‐ Sedation · patients with schizophrenia Haloperidol versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.3 [0.11, 0.82]	2 studies · 44 participants	Moderate
HALOPERIDOL vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS Death · patients with schizophrenia Haloperidol versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
HALOPERIDOL vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS Quality of life · patients with schizophrenia Haloperidol versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
Comparison 1: PERPHENAZINE vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS Response to treatment · patients with schizophrenia Perphenazine versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.97 [0.74, 1.26]	2 studies · 138 participants	Moderate
Comparison 1: PERPHENAZINE vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS Acceptability of treatment ‐ leaving the study early due to any reason · patients with schizophrenia Perphenazine versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.78 [0.35, 1.76]	3 studies · 323 participants	Very low
Comparison 1: PERPHENAZINE vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS Adverse effects ‐ at least one adverse effect · patients with schizophrenia Perphenazine versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.83 [0.36, 1.95]	2 studies · 165 participants	Low
Comparison 1: PERPHENAZINE vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS Adverse effects ‐ movement disorders ‐ at least one movement disorder · patients with schizophrenia Perphenazine versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	RR 15.62 [0.94, 260.49]	1 study · 69 participants	Low
Comparison 1: PERPHENAZINE vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS Death · patients with schizophrenia Perphenazine versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.14 [0.01, 2.69]	1 study · 96 participants	Moderate
Comparison 1: PERPHENAZINE vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS Adverse effects ‐ other ‐ sedation · patients with schizophrenia Perphenazine versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
Comparison 1: PERPHENAZINE vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS Quality of life · patients with schizophrenia Perphenazine versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
Trifluoperazine vs low‐potency antipsychotic drugs Response to treatment ‐ medium term · patients with schizophrenia Trifluoperazine versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.96 [0.59, 1.56]	3 studies · 120 participants	Low
Trifluoperazine vs low‐potency antipsychotic drugs Leaving the study early: 1. Acceptability of treatment ‐ leaving early due to any reason · patients with schizophrenia Trifluoperazine versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.25 [0.72, 2.17]	3 studies · 239 participants	Low
Trifluoperazine vs low‐potency antipsychotic drugs Adverse events: 1. General ‐ at least one adverse effect · patients with schizophrenia Trifluoperazine versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.6 [0.94, 2.74]	1 study · 60 participants	Moderate
Trifluoperazine vs low‐potency antipsychotic drugs Adverse events: 2.a. Specific ‐ movement disorders ‐ at least one movement disorder · patients with schizophrenia Trifluoperazine versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	RR 2.08 [0.78, 5.55]	2 studies · 123 participants	Low
Trifluoperazine vs low‐potency antipsychotic drugs Death · patients with schizophrenia Trifluoperazine versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 4 participants	Ungraded
Trifluoperazine vs low‐potency antipsychotic drugs Sedation · patients with schizophrenia Trifluoperazine versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 5 participants	Ungraded
Trifluoperazine vs low‐potency antipsychotic drugs Quality of life · patients with schizophrenia Trifluoperazine versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 5 participants	Ungraded
Horticultural therapy plus standard care vs standard care alone Well‐being and quality of life Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI‐C) . Scale from: 0 to 77 (low = poor) · patients with schizophrenia Horticultural therapy for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 22 participants	Very low
Horticultural therapy plus standard care vs standard care alone Clinical global response · patients with schizophrenia Horticultural therapy for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Horticultural therapy plus standard care vs standard care alone General functioning · patients with schizophrenia Horticultural therapy for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Horticultural therapy plus standard care vs standard care alone Physical fitness · patients with schizophrenia Horticultural therapy for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Horticultural therapy plus standard care vs standard care alone Satisfaction with treatment Leaving the study early · patients with schizophrenia Horticultural therapy for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	RR 5 [0.27, 94.34]	1 study · 24 participants	Very low
Horticultural therapy plus standard care vs standard care alone Adverse effect · patients with schizophrenia Horticultural therapy for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Horticultural therapy plus standard care vs standard care alone Mental state and behaviour DASS21. Scale from: 0 to 84 (high = poor) · patients with schizophrenia Horticultural therapy for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 22 participants	Very low
BRIEF FAMILY INTERVENTION vs STANDARD CARE Service utilisation ‐ hospital admission ‐ medium to long term hospital admission levels · patients with schizophrenia Family intervention (brief) for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.5 [0.22, 1.11]	1 study · 30 participants	Very low