Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

344 questions · 346 findings · 97 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 31 · 9%GRADE not reported 6 · 1.7%Very low 154 · 44.5%Low 99 · 28.6%Moderate 39 · 11.3%High 17 · 4.9%

Specialised early intervention (SEI) vs treatment

Death: all‐cause mortality (assessed by proportion deceased at end of treatment) · recent‐onset psychosis (less than three years since the start of psychotic symptoms and either first or second psychotic episode)

Specialised early intervention (SEI) showed no clear difference in death: all‐cause mortality (assessed by proportion deceased at end… compared with treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Extended specialised early intervention (SEI) teams vs standard SEI teams plus treatment

Service use: admission to psychiatric hospital (assessed by proportion admitted at end of treatment) · recent‐onset psychosis

Extended specialised early intervention (SEI) teams showed no clear difference in service use: admission to psychiatric hospital at end of treatment… compared with standard SEI teams plus treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs treatment

Dropout · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months

It is very uncertain whether antidepressants changes treatment acceptability ‐ dropouts (early phase, < 5 weeks) compared with treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ECT plus standard care vs usual care

Satisfaction and acceptability of treatment (medium term) ‐ leaving the study early · people with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether ECT plus standard care changes satisfaction and acceptability of treatment (medium term) ‐ leaving… compared with standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CLOZAPINE + AMISULPIRIDE vs CLOZAPINE + QUETIAPINE (Genc 2007)

Leaving the study early · people with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether CLOZAPINE + AMISULPIRIDE changes leaving the study early: acceptability of treatment ‐ as measured by… compared with CLOZAPINE + QUETIAPINE (Genc 2007) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CLOZAPINE + RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE + ZIPRASIDONE (Kuwilsky 2010)

Acceptability of treatment ‐ leaving the study early · people with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether CLOZAPINE + RISPERIDONE changes leaving the study early: acceptability of treatment ‐ as measured by… compared with CLOZAPINE + ZIPRASIDONE (Kuwilsky 2010) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CLOZAPINE + ZIPRASIDONE vs CLOZAPINE + QUETIAPINE (Wen 2015)

Leaving the study early · people with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether CLOZAPINE + ZIPRASIDONE changes leaving the study early: acceptability of treatment ‐ as measured by… compared with CLOZAPINE + QUETIAPINE (Wen 2015) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CLOZAPINE + ARIPIPRAZOLE vs CLOZAPINE + HALOPERIDOL (Cipriani 2013)

Acceptability of treatment ‐ leaving the study early · people with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether CLOZAPINE + ARIPIPRAZOLE changes leaving the study early: acceptability of treatment ‐ as measured by… compared with CLOZAPINE + HALOPERIDOL (Cipriani 2013) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early ART vs standard or deferred ART (CD4 <= 200 or CD4 <= 250 cells/µl)

Death · patients with asymptomatic, HIV‐infected, treatment naive adults

Early ART probably leads to lower death compared with standard or deferred ART (CD4 <= 200 or CD4 <= 250 cells/µl) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early ART vs standard or deferred ART (CD4 <= 200 or CD4 <= 250 cells/µl)

Tuberculosis · patients with asymptomatic, HIV‐infected, treatment naive adults

Early ART showed no clear difference in tuberculosis compared with standard or deferred ART (CD4 <= 200 or CD4 <= 250 cells/µl) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early ART vs standard or deferred ART (CD4 <= 200 or CD4 <= 250 cells/µl)

Disease progression measured by opportunistic disease Opportunistic disease events · patients with asymptomatic, HIV‐infected, treatment naive adults

Early ART showed no clear difference in disease progression measured by opportunistic disease Opportunistic… compared with standard or deferred ART (CD4 <= 200 or CD4 <= 250 cells/µl) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review