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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

317 questions · 317 findings · 33 reviews · Anaesthesia

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No studies found 49 · 15.5%GRADE not reported 109 · 34.4%Very low 68 · 21.5%Low 69 · 21.8%Moderate 16 · 5%High 6 · 1.9%

Continuation vs discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy

All‐cause mortality (up to 30 days) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery

Continuation showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (up to 30 days) compared with discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Continuation vs discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy

Ischaemic events: peripheral thrombosis, cerebral myocardial infarction (within 30 days of surgery) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery

Continuation showed no clear difference in ischaemic events: peripheral thrombosis, cerebral myocardial… compared with discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Buffered vs non‐buffered crystalloid intravenous fluid

Mortality (in‐hospital death and 30‐day mortality) · adults receiving intravenous fluids whilst undergoing any form of surgery

Buffered showed no clear difference in mortality (in‐hospital death and 30‐day mortality) compared with non‐buffered crystalloid intravenous fluid (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Peripheral nerve block vs systemic analgesia

Walking at postoperative day 1 Objective actual measurement · adults undergoing elective primary total hip replacement

It is very uncertain whether peripheral nerve blocks changes walking at postoperative day 1 Objective actual measurement compared with systemic analgesia (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural pain relief vs systemic opioid‐based pain relief

Mortality in hospital or up to 30 days · people undergoing abdominal aortic surgery

Epidural pain relief showed no clear difference in mortality in hospital or up to 30 days compared with systemic opioid‐based pain relief (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitroglycerin vs no treatment

All‐cause mortality in 30 days post operation · patients (15 years of age and older) undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under any type of anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether nitroglycerin changes all‐cause mortality in 30 days post operation compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitroglycerin vs placebo

All‐cause mortality in 30 days post operation · patients (15 years of age and older) undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under any type of anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether nitroglycerin changes all‐cause mortality in 30 days post operation compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Surgical site infection within 30 days in trials with low risk of bias (14 days to 30 days) · surgical patients with need for abdominal, caesarean section, orthopaedic or breast surgery

The intervention showed no clear difference in surgical site infection within 30 days in trials with low risk of… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Surgical site infection within 30 days, irrespective of risk of bias (14 days to 30 days) · surgical patients with need for abdominal, caesarean section, orthopaedic or breast surgery

The intervention showed no clear difference in surgical site infection within 30 days, irrespective of risk of bias… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Preoperative inspiratory muscle training vs usual care, non‐exercise intervention

Mortality In the early postoperative period (≤ 30 days) · adult participants undergoing cardiac and major abdominal surgery

It is very uncertain whether preoperative inspiratory muscle training changes all‐cause mortality within 30 days during postoperative period compared with usual care, non‐exercise intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review