Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,320 questions · 4,561 findings · 388 reviews

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No studies found 1,138 · 25%GRADE not reported 886 · 19.4%Very low 1,014 · 22.2%Low 849 · 18.6%Moderate 543 · 11.9%High 131 · 2.9%

Home‐based record combined with other interventions vs usual care

Proportion of children who received all recommended vaccines by 2 years of age · children aged 1 year

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Home‐based record combined with other interventions vs usual care

Proportion of children under 5 years of age fully immunised with all scheduled vaccines · children aged 1 year

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Omega‐3 vs placebo

Mental state: psychotic symptoms Average total score (PANSS, higher score = worse, scale from 30‐210) Long‐term (up to 7 years) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 81 participants
Low

Home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders vs placebo or no intervention

Anaemia · preschool and school‐age children

Point‐of‐use fortification of foods with micronutrients powders (MNP) probably leads to lower anaemia (defined as haemoglobin < 110 g/L for children aged 24‐59… compared with no intervention or placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Point‐of‐use fortification of foods with micronutrient powders containing iron in children of preschool and school‐age 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.66 [0.49, 0.88]
10 studies · 2448 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Sugar‐sweetened beverage consumption · children aged six months to six years

The intervention showed no clear difference in sugar‐sweetened beverage consumption (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Healthy eating interventions delivered in early childhood education and care settings for improving the diet of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
SMD 0.1
3 studies · 522 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Pseudophakia vs aphakia

Glaucoma at 5 years · children younger than two years of age with bilateral congenital cataracts

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Pseudophakia changes glaucoma at 5 years compared with aphakia (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical interventions for bilateral congenital cataract in children aged two years and under 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.86 [0.24, 3.1]
1 study · 54 participants
Very low

Vitamin D (higher dose) + micronutrient(s) vs vitamin D (lower dose) + micronutrient(s)

Mean height‐for‐age z‐score · children under 5 years of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Mean height‐for‐age z‐score · children under 5 years of age

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1258 participants
Moderate

Vitamin D (higher dose) vs vitamin D (lower dose)

Mean height‐for‐age z‐score · children under 5 years of age

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 105 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Pneumonia ‐ 12 to 58 months of age · children under 5 years of age with undifferentiated ARI

The intervention showed no clear difference in pneumonia ‐ 12 to 58 months of age (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for preventing suppurative complications from undifferentiated acute respiratory infections in children… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.1 [0.71, 1.69]
1 study · 563 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Pneumonia ‐ 0 to 11 months of age · children under 5 years of age with undifferentiated ARI

The intervention showed no clear difference in pneumonia ‐ 0 to 11 months of age (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for preventing suppurative complications from undifferentiated acute respiratory infections in children… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.96 [0.52, 1.76]
1 study · 326 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Estimated cumulative failure rate (3 years) · women aged ≤ 25 years with desire for contraception

1 finding from 1 review

Hormonal and intrauterine methods for contraception for women aged 25 years and younger 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1130 participants
Low

Low‐ and middle‐income countries: Feeding vs control ‐ growth RCTs

Mean weight‐for‐age z‐score · Low‐ and middle‐income children aged 3 months to 5 years

1 finding from 1 review

Food supplementation for improving the physical and psychosocial health of socio‐economically disadvantaged children… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 1565 participants
Moderate

Low‐ and middle‐income countries: Feeding vs control ‐ growth RCTs

Stunting · Low‐ and middle‐income children aged 3 months to 5 years

1 finding from 1 review

Food supplementation for improving the physical and psychosocial health of socio‐economically disadvantaged children… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 4544 participants
Moderate

Low‐ and middle‐income countries: Feeding vs control. CBAs

Mean weight‐for‐age z‐score · Children aged 3 months to 5 years

1 finding from 1 review

Food supplementation for improving the physical and psychosocial health of socio‐economically disadvantaged children… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 999 participants
Very low

Low‐ and middle‐income countries: Feeding vs control. CBAs

Stunting · Children aged 3 months to 5 years

1 finding from 1 review

Food supplementation for improving the physical and psychosocial health of socio‐economically disadvantaged children… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 999 participants
Very low

Supplementary feeding vs no food supplementation or placebo

Mean weight‐for‐age z‐score · Children aged less than five years in LMIC

2 findings from 1 review

Community‐based supplementary feeding for promoting the growth of children under five years of age in low and middle… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 308 participants
Moderate
Community‐based supplementary feeding for promoting the growth of children under five years of age in low and middle… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 308 participants
Moderate

Supplementary feeding vs no food supplementation or placebo

Mean height‐for‐age z‐score · Children aged less than five years in LMIC

2 findings from 1 review

Community‐based supplementary feeding for promoting the growth of children under five years of age in low and middle… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 308 participants
Low
Community‐based supplementary feeding for promoting the growth of children under five years of age in low and middle… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 308 participants
Low

Supplementary feeding vs no food supplementation

Change in weight z score · Children aged less than five years in LMIC

1 finding from 1 review

Community‐based supplementary feeding for promoting the growth of children under five years of age in low and middle… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 348 participants
Low

Intermittent use of iron supplements vs placebo or no intervention

Anaemia · children under 12 years of age

Intermittent use of iron supplements probably leads to lower anaemia (haemoglobin below a cut‐off defined by trialists, taking… compared with placebo or no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent iron supplementation for improving nutrition and development in children under 12 years of age 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.51 [0.37, 0.72]
10 studies · 1824 participants
Moderate