Cochrane · systematic review · CD012875
Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years of age
Huey, SL, Acharya, N, Silver, A, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2020 · Cochrane Library
Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning ProblemsAMSTAR 2: not assessed
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
21
current version
GRADE rated
12
No studies
9
Included studies
NR
No studies 9 · 42.9%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 2 · 9.5%Low 6 · 28.6%Moderate 4 · 19%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Vitamin D versus placebo or no intervention
Population: children under 5 years of age
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Linear growth (length/height) Unit: cmTime frame: 6.3 months (mean) Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 240 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Length/height‐for‐age z‐score (L/HAZ) Time frame: 6 months Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1258 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision, indirectness |
Stunting Definition: L/HAZ < ‐2Time frame: 6 months Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention | RR 0.9 [0.8, 1.01] | 1 study · 1247 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision, indirectness |
Adverse effect: hypercalciuria As defined by trialistsTime frame: 6.5 months (mean) Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention | RR 2.03 [0.28, 14.67] | 2 studies · 68 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Adverse effect: hypercalcaemia As defined by trialistsTime frame: 7.5 months (mean) Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention | RR 0.82 [0.35, 1.9] | 2 studies · 367 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Adverse effect: hyperphosphataemiae Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adverse effect: kidney stonese Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vitamin D (higher dose) versus vitamin D (lower dose)
Population: children under 5 years of age
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Linear growth (length/height) Unit: cm Time frame: 4.2 months (mean) Vitamin D (higher dose) vs vitamin D (lower dose) | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 283 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Length/height‐for‐age z‐score (L/HAZ) Unitless Time frame: 7 months (mean) Vitamin D (higher dose) vs vitamin D (lower dose) | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 105 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Stuntingc Vitamin D (higher dose) vs vitamin D (lower dose) | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adverse effect: hypercalciuria As defined by trialists Time frame: 3.9 months (mean) Vitamin D (higher dose) vs vitamin D (lower dose) | RR 1.16 [1, 1.35] | 6 studies · 554 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Adverse effect: hypercalcaemia As defined by trialists Time frame: 8.6 months (mean) Vitamin D (higher dose) vs vitamin D (lower dose) | RR 1.39 [0.89, 2.18] | 5 studies · 986 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Adverse effect: hyperphosphataemiac Vitamin D (higher dose) vs vitamin D (lower dose) | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adverse effect: kidney stonesc Vitamin D (higher dose) vs vitamin D (lower dose) | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vitamin D (higher dose) + micronutrient(s) versus vitamin D (lower dose) + micronutrient(s)
Population: children under 5 years of age
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Linear growth (length/height) Unit: cm Time frame: 3 months Vitamin D (higher dose) + micronutrient(s) vs vitamin D (lower dose) + micronutrient(s) | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 25 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Length/height‐for‐age z‐score (L/HAZ)b Vitamin D (higher dose) + micronutrient(s) vs vitamin D (lower dose) + micronutrient(s) | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Stuntingb Vitamin D (higher dose) + micronutrient(s) vs vitamin D (lower dose) + micronutrient(s) | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adverse effect: hypercalciuria As defined by trialists Time frame: 3 months Vitamin D (higher dose) + micronutrient(s) vs vitamin D (lower dose) + micronutrient(s) | RR 1 [0.06, 15.48] | 1 study · 86 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Adverse effect: hypercalcaemia As defined by trialists Time frame: 2.2 months (mean) Vitamin D (higher dose) + micronutrient(s) vs vitamin D (lower dose) + micronutrient(s) | RR 1 [0.9, 1.11] | 2 studies · 126 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Adverse effect: hyperphosphataemiab Vitamin D (higher dose) + micronutrient(s) vs vitamin D (lower dose) + micronutrient(s) | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adverse effect: kidney stonesb Vitamin D (higher dose) + micronutrient(s) vs vitamin D (lower dose) + micronutrient(s) | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |