Exacerbations requiring steroids or antibiotics or both: number of participants · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol showed no clear difference in exacerbations requiring steroids or antibiotics or both: number of… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Exacerbations requiring steroids or antibiotics or both: number of participants · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol leads to lower exacerbations requiring steroids or antibiotics or both: number of… compared with formoterol (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Any COPD exacerbation that requires short‐burst oral corticosteroids or antibiotics, or both · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
It is very uncertain whether once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers changes any COPD exacerbation that requires short‐burst oral corticosteroids… compared with once‐daily LAMA (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Exacerbations requiring antibiotics · people with non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Number of courses of antibiotics · infants and children
Influenza vaccine probably leads to lower courses of antibiotics compared with control (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Exacerbations requiring steroids or antibiotics or both: number of participants · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Umeclidinium bromide leads to lower number of participants with exacerbations requiring steroids,… compared with placebo (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects of antibiotics · women with episiotomy repair following vaginal birth
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects of antibiotics (skin rash) · Women who had normal vaginal births
It is very uncertain whether routine antibiotic prophylaxis changes adverse effects of antibiotics (skin rash) compared with no treatment or placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of courses of antibiotics · acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Number of days on therapeutic antibiotics ‐ not reported · treating infections in people with neutropenia or neutrophil dysfunction
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Antibiotics due to dental infections · general population
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Symptomatic bacterial UTI in women with recent UTI Probiotics versus antibiotics ( · adults and children at risk of UTI
The intervention showed no clear difference in symptomatic bacterial UTI in women with recent UTI Probiotics versus… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Antibiotics prescribed or dispensed (6 weeks or less) · antibiotic use in acute respiratory infections
Shared decision making probably leads to lower antibiotics prescribed or dispensed (6 weeks or less) compared with usual care (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Antibiotics prescribed or dispensed (12 months or greater) · antibiotic use in acute respiratory infections
Shared decision making showed no clear difference in antibiotics prescribed or dispensed (12 months or greater) compared with usual care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Proportion of patients with resolution or improved symptoms at days 3 to 7 · patients with acute sinusitis
Oral corticosteroids may leads to higher proportion of patients with resolution or improved symptoms at days… compared with placebo or NSAID (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Proportion of patients with resolution or improved symptoms at days 4 to 14 ‐ Co‐treatment with antibiotics · patients with acute sinusitis
Oral corticosteroids may leads to higher proportion of patients with resolution or improved symptoms at days… compared with placebo or NSAID (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Patients prescribed antibiotics · People with fever
1 finding from 1 review
Exacerbations requiring steroids, antibiotics or both · patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Aclidinium bromide showed no clear difference in exacerbations requiring steroids, antibiotics or both compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Exacerbations requiring steroids, antibiotics or both · patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
It is very uncertain whether aclidinium bromide changes exacerbations requiring steroids, antibiotics or both compared with tiotropium (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Serum concentrations ‐ aminoglycoside antibiotics: peak concentration · patients with leading serum concentrations within therapeutic range
1 finding from 1 review