Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

929 questions · 946 findings · 295 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 150 · 15.9%GRADE not reported 47 · 5%Very low 312 · 33%Low 262 · 27.7%Moderate 138 · 14.6%High 37 · 3.9%

Corticosteroids vs placebo

Improvement in sensory nerve function at 1 year · people with nerve damage (< 6 months' duration) in leprosy

Corticosteroids showed no clear difference in improvement in sensory nerve function at 1 year Defined as a… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Corticosteroids vs placebo

Adverse events Assessed as: occurrence of one or more major adverse events requiring withdrawal of treatment · people with nerve damage (< 6 months' duration) in leprosy

Corticosteroids showed no clear difference in adverse events Assessed as: occurrence of one or more major adverse… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chromoscopy vs conventional colonoscopy

Number of participants with 3 or more adenomas (in studies with single intubation) · people undergoing colonoscopy for the detection of polyps

Chromoscopy may leads to higher number of participants with 3 or more adenomas (in studies with… compared with conventional colonoscopy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐exclusive breastfeeding (foods) vs exclusive breastfeeding

“Food allergy” to 1 or more foods between 1 to 3 years of age · healthy breastfeeding full‐term infants

Non‐exclusive breastfeeding (foods) showed no clear difference in “Food allergy” to 1 or more foods between 1 to 3 years of age compared with exclusive breastfeeding (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

10 mg warfarin nomogram vs 5 mg warfarin nomogram

Major bleeding fall in hemoglobin of > 20 g/L or transfusion of 2 or more units of red cells · patients with venous thromboembolism.

10 mg warfarin nomogram showed no clear difference in major bleeding fall in hemoglobin of > 20 g/L or transfusion of 2 or… compared with 5 mg warfarin nomogram (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo, no treatment or therapy of unproven effectiveness

Complete resolution of OME at more than 6 months · Children with otitis media with effusion

Antibiotics may leads to higher complete resolution of OME at more than 6 months compared with placebo, no treatment or therapy of unproven effectiveness (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse outcomes ‐ corneal haze score at 12 months (grade 1.0 ‐ more prominent haze that does not interfere with visibility of fine iris details; grade 2.0 ‐ mild obscuration of iris details; grade 3.0 ‐ moderate obscuration of iris and lens; and ... · adult participants (≥ 18 years) with myopia
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Communication Validated self‐report measure: verbal subscale of the CPHI scale from 0 to 5 (Demorest 1987) · adults with hearing loss who use hearing aids
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Use of verbal communication strategy Validated self‐report measures (verbal subscale of the CPHI (Demorest 1987)). Scale from: 0 to 5 · adults with hearing loss who use hearing aids
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Communication Validated self‐report measure: verbal subscale of the CPHI (Demorest 1987) scale from 0 to 5 · adults with hearing loss who use hearing aids
1 finding from 1 review

Mosaicplasty vs microfracture

Activity: long term (5 or more years · Adults with isolated cartilage defects (defect areas 1.0 cm2 to 6.0 cm2) of the knee

It is very uncertain whether mosaicplasty changes activity: long term (5 or more years compared with microfracture (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PUFA vs placebo

50% reduction in seizures frequency (12 weeks) ‐ Per protocol data ‐ Older (19 years or more) · patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy

PUFA showed no clear difference in 50% reduction in seizures frequency (12 weeks) ‐ Per protocol data ‐… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Serious Adverse Events (Participants with one or more event) · Adults (>18 years) with pulmonary hypertension of varied aetiology (PAH, CTEPH and left heart disease)

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes serious Adverse Events (Participants with one or more event) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Sleep problems (Scale 0 to 21; higher scores indicate more sleep problems) · adults with fibromyalgia
1 finding from 1 review

Protease‐modulating matrix dressing regimen vs any other dressing regimen

Proportion of participants with 1 or more adverse events at 2‐12 weeks · people with venous leg ulcers

Protease‐modulating matrix dressing regimen showed no clear difference in proportion of participants with 1 or more adverse events at 2‐12 weeks compared with any other dressing regimen (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Additional radon in carbon dioxide baths vs carbon dioxide baths only

Improvement More than 1 category change in pain intensity on 4‐point scale (no pain/sporadic/daily/continuous) · patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Additional radon in carbon dioxide baths showed no clear difference in improvement More than 1 category change in pain intensity on 4‐point… compared with carbon dioxide baths only (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review