What do systematic reviews say?

Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo

• Inhaled corticosteroids for cystic fibrosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 23 participants
  Low

Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo

• Inhaled corticosteroids for cystic fibrosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 295 participants
  Low

Effects of different inhaled corticosteroids on growth in children with persistent asthma: fluticasone vs beclomethasone

Effects of different inhaled corticosteroids on growth in children… may leads to higher linear growth velocity (cm/year) compared with beclomethasone (low certainty).

• Inhaled corticosteroids in children with persistent asthma: effects of different drugs and delivery devices on growth 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 0.81 [0.46, 1.16]
  1 study · 23 participants
  Low

Effects of different inhaled corticosteroids on growth in children with persistent asthma: fluticasone vs budesonide

It is very uncertain whether effects of different inhaled corticosteroids on growth in children… changes linear growth velocity (cm/year) compared with budesonide (very low certainty).

• Inhaled corticosteroids in children with persistent asthma: effects of different drugs and delivery devices on growth 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 0.39
  2 studies · 236 participants
  Very low

Effects of different inhaled corticosteroids on growth in children with persistent asthma: fluticasone vs budesonide

Effects of different inhaled corticosteroids on growth in children… probably leads to higher change in height (cm) over a period of time compared with budesonide (moderate certainty).

• Inhaled corticosteroids in children with persistent asthma: effects of different drugs and delivery devices on growth 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 0.97 [0.62, 1.32]
  2 studies · 359 participants
  Moderate

A boost of inhaled corticosteroids vs usual care

A boost of inhaled corticosteroids showed no clear difference in exacerbations compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for autumn exacerbations of asthma in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.86 [0.32, 2.3]
  1 study · 173 participants
  Moderate

A boost of inhaled corticosteroids vs usual care

A boost of inhaled corticosteroids showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for autumn exacerbations of asthma in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.67 [0.34, 1.33]
  1 study · 176 participants
  Moderate

Tailored interventions based on sputum eosinophils vs tailored interventions based on clinical symptoms

• Tailored interventions based on sputum eosinophils versus clinical symptoms for asthma in children and adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 316 participants
  Low

Inspiratory muscle training vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Inspiratory muscle training for asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Inhaled steroids vs systemic corticosteroids

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in death or BPD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age among all randomised compared with systemic corticosteroids (moderate certainty).

• Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.09 [0.88, 1.35]
  1 study · 278 participants
  Moderate

Inhaled steroids vs systemic corticosteroids

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in death or BPD at 28 days compared with systemic corticosteroids (low certainty).

• Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.05 [0.93, 1.2]
  2 studies · 294 participants
  Low

Inhaled steroids vs systemic corticosteroids

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in BPD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age compared with systemic corticosteroids (moderate certainty).

• Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.45 [0.99, 2.11]
  1 study · 278 participants
  Moderate

Inhaled steroids vs systemic corticosteroids

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in BPD at 28 days compared with systemic corticosteroids (low certainty).

• Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.21 [0.98, 1.48]
  2 studies · 294 participants
  Low

Increased vs stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids

Increased showed no clear difference in treatment failure: need for systemic corticosteroids (ITT) compared with stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids (moderate certainty).

• Increased versus stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids for exacerbations of chronic asthma in adults and children 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.97 [0.76, 1.25]
  8 studies · 1774 participants
  Moderate

Increased vs stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids

It is very uncertain whether increased changes treatment failure: need for systemic corticosteroids (of those… compared with stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids (very low certainty).

• Increased versus stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids for exacerbations of chronic asthma in adults and children 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.84 [0.54, 1.3]
  7 studies · 766 participants
  Very low

Inhaled steroids vs systemic steroids

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in death or BPD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age compared with systemic steroids (moderate certainty).

• Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.04 [0.86, 1.26]
  1 study · 292 participants
  Moderate
• Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.94 [0.83, 1.05]
  1 study · 78 participants
  Low

Inhaled steroids vs systemic steroids

Inhaled steroids probably leads to lower diastolic blood pressure > 95th percentile at 7 years compared with systemic steroids (moderate certainty).

• Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 69 participants
  Moderate

Inhaled steroids vs systemic steroids

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in ever diagnosed as asthmatic by 7 years compared with systemic steroids (moderate certainty).

• Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.87 [0.55, 1.39]
  1 study · 73 participants
  Moderate

Inhaled steroids vs systemic steroids

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in BPD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age compared with systemic steroids (low certainty).

• Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.08 [0.88, 1.32]
  3 studies · 429 participants
  Low

Inhaled steroids vs systemic steroids

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in hyperglycaemia compared with systemic steroids (low certainty).

• Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.61, 1.22]
  3 studies · 429 participants
  Low