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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
487 questions in 49 reviews · Breast Cancer
current versionsNo studies 44 · 9%Ungraded 14 · 2.9%Very low 108 · 22.2%Low 128 · 26.3%Moderate 107 · 22%High 86 · 17.7%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Mammography in combination with breast ultrasonography vs mammography alone Incremental detection of invasive cancers: cohort studies · s of women with dense and non‐dense breasts Mammography in combination with breast ultrasonography versus mammography for breast cancer screening in… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.95, 1.06] | 571 participants | Very low |
Mammography in combination with breast ultrasonography vs mammography alone Interval cancer · s of women with dense and non‐dense breasts Mammography in combination with breast ultrasonography versus mammography for breast cancer screening in… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 [0.29, 0.89] | 1 study · 72717 participants | High |
Mammography in combination with breast ultrasonography vs mammography alone Lymph node status · s of women with dense and non‐dense breasts Mammography in combination with breast ultrasonography versus mammography for breast cancer screening in… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.53 [0.33, 0.86] | 1 study · 214 participants | Moderate |
Skin‐sparing mastectomy vs conventional mastectomy Overall survival,assessed as time to any death · people with a diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive breast cancer Skin‐sparing mastectomy for the treatment of breast cancer (2023) · Cochrane | HR 0.41 [0.17, 1.02] | 1306 participants | Very low |
Skin‐sparing mastectomy vs conventional mastectomy Local recurrence‐free survival · people with a diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive breast cancer Skin‐sparing mastectomy for the treatment of breast cancer (2023) · Cochrane | HR 0.82 [0.47, 1.42] | 5690 participants | Very low |
Skin‐sparing mastectomy vs conventional mastectomy Overall complications,assessed using the number of participants with at least one local or systemic complication · people with a diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive breast cancer Skin‐sparing mastectomy for the treatment of breast cancer (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.55 [0.97, 2.46] | 677 participants | Very low |
Skin‐sparing mastectomy vs conventional mastectomy Breast reconstruction loss · people with a diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive breast cancer Skin‐sparing mastectomy for the treatment of breast cancer (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.79 [0.31, 10.35] | 475 participants | Very low |
Skin‐sparing mastectomy vs conventional mastectomy Skin necrosis · people with a diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive breast cancer Skin‐sparing mastectomy for the treatment of breast cancer (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.15 [0.62, 2.12] | 677 participants | Very low |
Skin‐sparing mastectomy vs conventional mastectomy Infection · people with a diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive breast cancer Skin‐sparing mastectomy for the treatment of breast cancer (2023) · Cochrane | RR 2.04 [0.03, 142.71] | 371 participants | Very low |
Skin‐sparing mastectomy vs conventional mastectomy Hemorrhage · people with a diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive breast cancer Skin‐sparing mastectomy for the treatment of breast cancer (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.23 [0.47, 3.27] | 677 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Breast cancer stage at the time of presentation: defined as the proportion of women with breast cancer diagnosed at early stage (stage 0, I, II) Time of outcome assessment: 3 years to 20 years Method of measurement: CBE · health workers Training health workers in clinical breast examination for early detection of breast cancer in low‐ and… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.44 [1.01, 2.06] | 3 studies · 593 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Breast cancer stage at the time of presentation: defined as the proportion of women with breast cancer diagnosed at late stage (stage III, IV) Time of outcome assessment: 3 years to 20 years Method of measurement: CBE · health workers Training health workers in clinical breast examination for early detection of breast cancer in low‐ and… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.58 [0.36, 0.94] | 3 studies · 593 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Accuracy of health worker‐performed CBE Time of outcome assessment: 2 years to 20 years Method of measurement: Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value · health workers Training health workers in clinical breast examination for early detection of breast cancer in low‐ and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 2 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR CBE coverage Time of outcome assessment: 20 years Method of measurement: active surveillance · health workers Training health workers in clinical breast examination for early detection of breast cancer in low‐ and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Completion of · health workers Training health workers in clinical breast examination for early detection of breast cancer in low‐ and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Breast cancer mortality: defined as deaths among women who received a diagnosis of breast cancer Time of outcome assessment: 3 years to 20 years Method of measurement: death registration offices, hospital records, and house visits · health workers Training health workers in clinical breast examination for early detection of breast cancer in low‐ and… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.24, 3.26] | 2 studies · 355 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) vs no PMRT Local and regional recurrence (LRR) · women with breast cancer and one to three positive lymph nodes Post‐mastectomy radiotherapy for women with early breast cancer and one to three positive lymph nodes (2023) · Cochrane | HR 0.2 [0.13, 0.33] | 1 study · 552 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) vs no PMRT Overall survival (OS) · women with breast cancer and one to three positive lymph nodes Post‐mastectomy radiotherapy for women with early breast cancer and one to three positive lymph nodes (2023) · Cochrane | HR 0.76 [0.6, 0.97] | 1 study · 552 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) vs no PMRT Disease‐free survival (DFS) · women with breast cancer and one to three positive lymph nodes Post‐mastectomy radiotherapy for women with early breast cancer and one to three positive lymph nodes (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings table ‐ Postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) vs no PMRT Time to progression · women with breast cancer and one to three positive lymph nodes Post‐mastectomy radiotherapy for women with early breast cancer and one to three positive lymph nodes (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings table ‐ Postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) vs no PMRT Short‐term adverse events · women with breast cancer and one to three positive lymph nodes Post‐mastectomy radiotherapy for women with early breast cancer and one to three positive lymph nodes (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings table ‐ Postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) vs no PMRT Long‐term adverse events · women with breast cancer and one to three positive lymph nodes Post‐mastectomy radiotherapy for women with early breast cancer and one to three positive lymph nodes (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings table ‐ Postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) vs no PMRT Quality of life (QoL) · women with breast cancer and one to three positive lymph nodes Post‐mastectomy radiotherapy for women with early breast cancer and one to three positive lymph nodes (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Platinum‐containing chemotherapy vs chemotherapy without platinum DFS at 2 years · neoadjuvant therapy for early triple‐negative breast cancer Platinum‐based chemotherapy for early triple‐negative breast cancer (2023) · Cochrane | HR 0.63 [0.53, 0.75] | 8 studies · 1966 participants | High |
Platinum‐containing chemotherapy vs chemotherapy without platinum Participants requiring chemotherapy delays · early triple‐negative breast cancer Platinum‐based chemotherapy for early triple‐negative breast cancer (2023) · Cochrane | RR 2.23 [1.7, 2.94] | 5 studies · 1053 participants | High |
Platinum‐containing chemotherapy vs chemotherapy without platinum Participants requiring dose reduction · early triple‐negative breast cancer Platinum‐based chemotherapy for early triple‐negative breast cancer (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.77 [1.56, 2.02] | 8 studies · 2055 participants | Moderate |
Platinum‐containing chemotherapy vs chemotherapy without platinum Anaemia (grade III/IV) · early triple‐negative breast cancer Platinum‐based chemotherapy for early triple‐negative breast cancer (2023) · Cochrane | RR 8.2 [5.66, 11.89] | 19 studies · 4757 participants | Moderate |
Platinum‐containing chemotherapy vs chemotherapy without platinum Febrile neutropenia (grade III/IV) · early triple‐negative breast cancer Platinum‐based chemotherapy for early triple‐negative breast cancer (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.16 [0.89, 1.49] | 12 studies · 3771 participants | Moderate |
Platinum‐containing chemotherapy vs chemotherapy without platinum Renal impairment (grade III/IV) · early triple‐negative breast cancer Platinum‐based chemotherapy for early triple‐negative breast cancer (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 463 participants | High |
Platinum‐containing chemotherapy vs chemotherapy without platinum Quality of life · early triple‐negative breast cancer Platinum‐based chemotherapy for early triple‐negative breast cancer (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Platinum‐containing chemotherapy vs chemotherapy without platinum DFS at 5 years · neoadjuvant therapy for early triple‐negative breast cancer Platinum‐based chemotherapy for early triple‐negative breast cancer (2023) · Cochrane | HR 0.63 [0.53, 0.75] | 8 studies · 1966 participants | High |
Platinum‐containing chemotherapy vs chemotherapy without platinum OS at 2 years · neoadjuvant therapy for early triple‐negative breast cancer Platinum‐based chemotherapy for early triple‐negative breast cancer (2023) · Cochrane | HR 0.69 [0.55, 0.86] | 8 studies · 1973 participants | High |
Platinum‐containing chemotherapy vs chemotherapy without platinum OS at 5 years · neoadjuvant therapy for early triple‐negative breast cancer Platinum‐based chemotherapy for early triple‐negative breast cancer (2023) · Cochrane | HR 0.69 [0.55, 0.86] | 8 studies · 1973 participants | High |
Platinum‐containing chemotherapy vs chemotherapy without platinum Pathological complete response · neoadjuvant therapy for early triple‐negative breast cancer Platinum‐based chemotherapy for early triple‐negative breast cancer (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.44 [1.31, 1.59] | 15 studies · 3083 participants | High |
Platinum‐containing chemotherapy vs chemotherapy without platinum DFS at 2 years · adjuvant therapy for early triple‐negative breast cancer Platinum‐based chemotherapy for early triple‐negative breast cancer (2023) · Cochrane | HR 0.69 [0.54, 0.88] | 4 studies · 1256 participants | High |
Platinum‐containing chemotherapy vs chemotherapy without platinum DFS at 5 years · adjuvant therapy for early triple‐negative breast cancer Platinum‐based chemotherapy for early triple‐negative breast cancer (2023) · Cochrane | HR 0.69 [0.54, 0.88] | 4 studies · 1256 participants | High |
Platinum‐containing chemotherapy vs chemotherapy without platinum OS at 2 years · adjuvant therapy for early triple‐negative breast cancer Platinum‐based chemotherapy for early triple‐negative breast cancer (2023) · Cochrane | HR 0.7 [0.5, 0.96] | 4 studies · 1256 participants | High |
Platinum‐containing chemotherapy vs chemotherapy without platinum OS at 5 years · adjuvant therapy for early triple‐negative breast cancer Platinum‐based chemotherapy for early triple‐negative breast cancer (2023) · Cochrane | HR 0.7 [0.5, 0.96] | 4 studies · 1256 participants | High |
Summary of findings table ‐ Systemic therapy vs control Change in pain from baseline to end of intervention · women with early breast cancer Systemic therapies for preventing or treating aromatase inhibitor‐induced musculoskeletal symptoms in early… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 183 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Systemic therapy vs control Grip strength ‐ Vitamin D · health problem or population Systemic therapies for preventing or treating aromatase inhibitor‐induced musculoskeletal symptoms in early… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Systemic therapy vs control Effect on breast cancer‐specific quality of life (BCS‐QoL) · health problem or population Systemic therapies for preventing or treating aromatase inhibitor‐induced musculoskeletal symptoms in early… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 147 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Systemic therapy vs control Effect on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) · health problem or population Systemic therapies for preventing or treating aromatase inhibitor‐induced musculoskeletal symptoms in early… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 208 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Systemic therapy vs control Safety of systemic therapies for the treatment of AIMSS · health problem or population Systemic therapies for preventing or treating aromatase inhibitor‐induced musculoskeletal symptoms in early… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 1250 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Systemic therapy vs control Change in grip strength from baseline to end of intervention · women with early breast cancer Systemic therapies for preventing or treating aromatase inhibitor‐induced musculoskeletal symptoms in early… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.08 [0.37, 3.17] | 1 study · 137 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Systemic therapy vs control Safety of systemic therapies in AIMSS · women with early breast cancer Systemic therapies for preventing or treating aromatase inhibitor‐induced musculoskeletal symptoms in early… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 344 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Systemic therapy vs control Effect on discontinuation of aromatase inhibitors (AI) · women with early breast cancer Systemic therapies for preventing or treating aromatase inhibitor‐induced musculoskeletal symptoms in early… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.16 [0.01, 2.99] | 1 study · 147 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Systemic therapy vs control Effect on breast cancer‐specific quality of life (BCS‐QoL) · women with early breast cancer Systemic therapies for preventing or treating aromatase inhibitor‐induced musculoskeletal symptoms in early… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 44 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Systemic therapy vs control Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) ‐ HRQoL: Total Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – General(FACT‐G) score · women with early breast cancer Systemic therapies for preventing or treating aromatase inhibitor‐induced musculoskeletal symptoms in early… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Systemic therapy vs control Incidence of AIMSS · women with early breast cancer Systemic therapies for preventing or treating aromatase inhibitor‐induced musculoskeletal symptoms in early… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.63, 1.06] | 2 studies · 240 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Systemic therapy vs control Change in pain from baseline to end of intervention · health problem or population Systemic therapies for preventing or treating aromatase inhibitor‐induced musculoskeletal symptoms in early… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 1099 participants | Very low |