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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,751 questions in 147 reviews · Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care
current versionsNo studies 361 · 20.6%Ungraded 87 · 5%Very low 625 · 35.7%Low 367 · 21%Moderate 232 · 13.2%High 79 · 4.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Ghrelin in combination with other treatments vs ghrelin treatment alone Food intake · people with cancer cachexia Ghrelin for the management of cachexia associated with cancer (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Ghrelin in combination with other treatments vs ghrelin treatment alone Body weight · people with cancer cachexia Ghrelin for the management of cachexia associated with cancer (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Ghrelin in combination with other treatments vs ghrelin treatment alone Adverse events · people with cancer cachexia Ghrelin for the management of cachexia associated with cancer (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Ketorolac vs placebo Number of participants with 50% or greater postoperative pain relief · children with postoperative pain Ketorolac for postoperative pain in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Ketorolac vs placebo Postoperative pain intensity · children with postoperative pain Ketorolac for postoperative pain in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Very low |
Ketorolac vs placebo Participants using rescue medication in the PACU · children with postoperative pain Ketorolac for postoperative pain in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.71, 1] | 4 studies · 262 participants | Very low |
Ketorolac vs placebo Opioid consumption (mg IV morphine equivalents): PACU · children with postoperative pain Ketorolac for postoperative pain in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 162 participants | Very low |
Ketorolac vs placebo Opioid consumption (mg IV morphine equivalents): 0 to 4 h · children with postoperative pain Ketorolac for postoperative pain in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 129 participants | Very low |
Ketorolac vs placebo Serious adverse events · children with postoperative pain Ketorolac for postoperative pain in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 128 participants | Very low |
Ketorolac vs placebo Participants experiencing bleeding events · children with postoperative pain Ketorolac for postoperative pain in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.64, 1.52] | 5 studies · 258 participants | Very low |
Intravenous diclofenac vs placebo Number of participants with at least 50% pain relief at 4 hours · Adults (mean study ages 25 to 55 years) with acute postoperative pain after dental, mixed minor, abdominal, or… Single‐dose intravenous diclofenac for acute postoperative pain in adults (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.8 [2, 4] | 3 studies · 277 participants | Low |
Intravenous diclofenac vs another NSAID Number of participants using rescue medication over 4 to 6 hours postinterventions · Adults (mean study ages 25 to 55 years) with acute postoperative pain after dental, mixed minor, abdominal, or… Single‐dose intravenous diclofenac for acute postoperative pain in adults (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.8 [1, 3.3] | 1 study · 98 participants | Very low |
Intravenous diclofenac vs another NSAID Number of participants reporting any adverse event · Adults (mean study ages 25 to 55 years) with acute postoperative pain after dental, mixed minor, abdominal, or… Single‐dose intravenous diclofenac for acute postoperative pain in adults (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.82, 1.1] | 2 studies · 265 participants | Low |
Intravenous diclofenac vs another NSAID Number of participants experiencing a serious adverse event · Adults (mean study ages 25 to 55 years) with acute postoperative pain after dental, mixed minor, abdominal, or… Single‐dose intravenous diclofenac for acute postoperative pain in adults (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.13, 6.6] | 4 studies · 423 participants | Low |
Intravenous diclofenac vs placebo Number of participants with at least 50% pain relief at 6 hours · Adults (mean study ages 25 to 55 years) with acute postoperative pain after dental, mixed minor, abdominal, or… Single‐dose intravenous diclofenac for acute postoperative pain in adults (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.8 [1.4, 2.2] | 4 studies · 436 participants | Low |
Intravenous diclofenac vs placebo Median (or mean) time to use of rescue medication · Adults (mean study ages 25 to 55 years) with acute postoperative pain after dental, mixed minor, abdominal, or… Single‐dose intravenous diclofenac for acute postoperative pain in adults (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 542 participants | Low |
Intravenous diclofenac vs placebo Number of participants using rescue medication over 4 to 6 hours postinterventions · Adults (mean study ages 25 to 55 years) with acute postoperative pain after dental, mixed minor, abdominal, or… Single‐dose intravenous diclofenac for acute postoperative pain in adults (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.59 [0.48, 0.73] | 2 studies · 235 participants | Low |
Intravenous diclofenac vs placebo Number of participants reporting any adverse event · Adults (mean study ages 25 to 55 years) with acute postoperative pain after dental, mixed minor, abdominal, or… Single‐dose intravenous diclofenac for acute postoperative pain in adults (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.86, 1.1] | 2 studies · 296 participants | Low |
Intravenous diclofenac vs placebo Number of participants experiencing a serious adverse event · Adults (mean study ages 25 to 55 years) with acute postoperative pain after dental, mixed minor, abdominal, or… Single‐dose intravenous diclofenac for acute postoperative pain in adults (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.15, 7.02] | 5 studies · 472 participants | Low |
Intravenous diclofenac vs another NSAID Number of participants with at least 50% pain relief at 4 hours · Adults (mean study ages 25 to 55 years) with acute postoperative pain after dental, mixed minor, abdominal, or… Single‐dose intravenous diclofenac for acute postoperative pain in adults (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intravenous diclofenac vs another NSAID Number of participants with at least 50% pain relief at 6 hours · Adults (mean study ages 25 to 55 years) with acute postoperative pain after dental, mixed minor, abdominal, or… Single‐dose intravenous diclofenac for acute postoperative pain in adults (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.83, 1.1] | 3 studies · 360 participants | Low |
Intravenous diclofenac vs another NSAID Median (or mean) time to use of rescue medication · Adults (mean study ages 25 to 55 years) with acute postoperative pain after dental, mixed minor, abdominal, or… Single‐dose intravenous diclofenac for acute postoperative pain in adults (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 169 participants | Very low |
Olanzapine vs placebo/no treatment No nausea or vomiting over trial period · adults with cancer Olanzapine for the prevention and treatment of cancer‐related nausea and vomiting in adults (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.98 [1.59, 2.47] | NR | Moderate |
Olanzapine vs NK1 antagonist Participant satisfaction · adults with cancer Olanzapine for the prevention and treatment of cancer‐related nausea and vomiting in adults (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Olanzapine vs NK1 antagonist Quality of life · adults with cancer Olanzapine for the prevention and treatment of cancer‐related nausea and vomiting in adults (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Olanzapine vs NK1 antagonist Patient Global Impression of Change · adults with cancer Olanzapine for the prevention and treatment of cancer‐related nausea and vomiting in adults (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Olanzapine vs NK1 antagonist Other adverse events · adults with cancer Olanzapine for the prevention and treatment of cancer‐related nausea and vomiting in adults (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Olanzapine vs NK1 antagonist Somnolence/fatigue · adults with cancer Olanzapine for the prevention and treatment of cancer‐related nausea and vomiting in adults (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.33 [0.4, 4.49] | NR | Very low |
Olanzapine vs placebo/no treatment Serious adverse events · adults with cancer Olanzapine for the prevention and treatment of cancer‐related nausea and vomiting in adults (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.46 [0.48, 12.55] | NR | Low |
Olanzapine vs placebo/no treatment Participant preference ‐ wish to use drug in next treatment · adults with cancer Olanzapine for the prevention and treatment of cancer‐related nausea and vomiting in adults (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.43 [0.97, 2.09] | NR | Moderate |
Olanzapine vs placebo/no treatment Quality of life · adults with cancer Olanzapine for the prevention and treatment of cancer‐related nausea and vomiting in adults (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Olanzapine vs placebo/no treatment Patient Global Impression of Change · adults with cancer Olanzapine for the prevention and treatment of cancer‐related nausea and vomiting in adults (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Olanzapine vs placebo/no treatment Other adverse events · adults with cancer Olanzapine for the prevention and treatment of cancer‐related nausea and vomiting in adults (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.71 [0.99, 2.96] | NR | Low |
Olanzapine vs placebo/no treatment Somnolence/fatigue · adults with cancer Olanzapine for the prevention and treatment of cancer‐related nausea and vomiting in adults (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.33 [1.3, 4.18] | NR | Moderate |
Olanzapine vs NK1 antagonist No nausea or vomiting over trial period · adults with cancer Olanzapine for the prevention and treatment of cancer‐related nausea and vomiting in adults (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Olanzapine vs NK1 antagonist Serious adverse events · adults with cancer Olanzapine for the prevention and treatment of cancer‐related nausea and vomiting in adults (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.02, 7.32] | NR | Very low |
Mirtazapine vs placebo Participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater (substantial improvement) · adult participants with fibromyalgia Mirtazapine for fibromyalgia in adults (2018) · Cochrane | RD 0.05 | 3 studies · 591 participants | Low |
Mirtazapine vs placebo Safety: serious adverse events · adult participants with fibromyalgia Mirtazapine for fibromyalgia in adults (2018) · Cochrane | RD 0 | 3 studies · 606 participants | Very low |
Mirtazapine vs placebo Tolerability: withdrawals due to adverse events · adult participants with fibromyalgia Mirtazapine for fibromyalgia in adults (2018) · Cochrane | RD 0.01 | 3 studies · 606 participants | Low |
Mirtazapine vs placebo Participant‐reported pain relief of 30% or greater (moderate improvement) · adult participants with fibromyalgia Mirtazapine for fibromyalgia in adults (2018) · Cochrane | RD 0.13 [0.05, 0.21] | 3 studies · 591 participants | Low |
Mirtazapine vs placebo Participant‐reported sleep problems (scale: 0 to 28; higher scores indicate more sleep problems) · adult participants with fibromyalgia Mirtazapine for fibromyalgia in adults (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 573 participants | Low |
Mirtazapine vs placebo Somnolence · adult participants with fibromyalgia Mirtazapine for fibromyalgia in adults (2018) · Cochrane | RD 0.24 [0.18, 0.3] | 3 studies · 606 participants | Low |
Mirtazapine vs placebo Weight gain · adult participants with fibromyalgia Mirtazapine for fibromyalgia in adults (2018) · Cochrane | RD 0.17 [0.11, 0.23] | 3 studies · 606 participants | Low |
Methadone vs Morphine Participant‐reported pain intensity · people with cancer pain Methadone for cancer pain (2017) · Cochrane | OR 76 | 103 participants | Low |
Methadone vs Morphine Adverse events: appetite, thirst, somnolence · people with cancer pain Methadone for cancer pain (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 342 participants | Very low |
Ketoprofen 25 mg vs placebo Participants with ≥ 50% pain relief over 6 hours · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain Single dose oral ketoprofen or dexketoprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 535 participants | High |
Ketoprofen 50 mg vs placebo Participants with a serious adverse event following a single dose · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain Single dose oral ketoprofen or dexketoprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 688 participants | Very low |
Dexketoprofen 10 mg‐12.5 mg vs placebo Participants with ≥ 50% pain relief over 4‐6 hours · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain Single dose oral ketoprofen or dexketoprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 480 participants | High |
Dexketoprofen 10 mg‐12.5 mg vs placebo Median (mean) time to use of rescue medication · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain Single dose oral ketoprofen or dexketoprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 122 participants | Very low |
Dexketoprofen 10 mg‐12.5 mg vs placebo Participants using rescue medication over 6 hours · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain Single dose oral ketoprofen or dexketoprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 373 participants | High |