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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
915 questions in 93 reviews · Emergency and Critical Care
current versionsNo studies 141 · 15.4%Ungraded 22 · 2.4%Very low 216 · 23.6%Low 272 · 29.7%Moderate 188 · 20.5%High 76 · 8.3%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intravenous propofol vs alternative intravenous sedative or hypnotic Adverse effects (as defined by study authors) · emergency department procedural sedation The use of propofol for procedural sedation in emergency departments (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 527 participants | Very low |
Intravenous propofol vs alternative intravenous sedative or hypnotic Participant satisfaction (as defined by study authors) · emergency department procedural sedation The use of propofol for procedural sedation in emergency departments (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 413 participants | Very low |
Intravenous propofol vs alternative intravenous sedative or hypnotic Pain with injection · emergency department procedural sedation The use of propofol for procedural sedation in emergency departments (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 193 participants | Very low |
Mortality: prone position vs supine Short‐term mortality (STM)Alive or dead · adults with acute respiratory failure Prone position for acute respiratory failure in adults (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.69, 1.02] | 8 studies · 2117 participants | Low |
Mortality: prone position vs supine Longer‐term mortality (LTM)Alive or dead · adults with acute respiratory failure Prone position for acute respiratory failure in adults (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.72, 1.03] | 8 studies · 2141 participants | Low |
Mortality: prone position vs supine Subgroup analysis of longer‐term mortality: severe hypoxaemiaAlive or dead · adults with acute respiratory failure Prone position for acute respiratory failure in adults (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.77 [0.65, 0.92] | 7 studies · 977 participants | Moderate |
Mortality: prone position vs supine Subgroup analysis of longer‐term mortality: lower tidal volume ventilationAlive or dead · adults with acute respiratory failure Prone position for acute respiratory failure in adults (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.73 [0.55, 0.96] | 5 studies · 911 participants | Moderate |
Mortality: prone position vs supine Subgroup analysis of longer‐term mortality: ARDS onlyAlive or dead · adults with acute respiratory failure Prone position for acute respiratory failure in adults (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.71, 1.01] | 8 studies · 1758 participants | Moderate |
Mortality: prone position vs supine Subgroup analysis of longer‐term mortality: ≥ 16 hours/d proneAlive or dead · adults with acute respiratory failure Prone position for acute respiratory failure in adults (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.77 [0.61, 0.99] | 5 studies · 1005 participants | Moderate |
Mortality: prone position vs supine Subgroup analysis of longer‐term mortality: enrolment ≤ 48 hours after entry criteria/ventilationAlive or dead · adults with acute respiratory failure Prone position for acute respiratory failure in adults (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.75 [0.59, 0.94] | 5 studies · 1024 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Functional exercise capacity Multiple different outcome measures used SF‐36 PF and AT (at 9 and 26 weeks) (Batterham 2014) SF‐36 PF and 6MWT (at 8 and 26 weeks) (Elliott 2011) ABC, Katz, TUAG (at 3 months) (Jackson 2012) SF‐36 PCS ( · adult survivors of critical illness Exercise rehabilitation following intensive care unit discharge for recovery from critical illness (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 6 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Health‐related quality of life Multiple different outcome measures used EQ‐5D and EQ‐5D VAS (9 and 26 weeks) (Batterham 2014) SF‐36 PCS and MCS (8 and 26 weeks) (Elliott 2011) · adult survivors of critical illness Exercise rehabilitation following intensive care unit discharge for recovery from critical illness (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 2 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Withdrawals Participant withdrawal following randomization before or during receipt of the intervention because of consent or medical reason · adult survivors of critical illness Exercise rehabilitation following intensive care unit discharge for recovery from critical illness (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 341 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adherence Participant completion of the intervention as described in the trial method · adult survivors of critical illness Exercise rehabilitation following intensive care unit discharge for recovery from critical illness (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 21 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Mortality Death at any point during the trial duration · adult survivors of critical illness Exercise rehabilitation following intensive care unit discharge for recovery from critical illness (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 483 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Loss to · adult survivors of critical illness Exercise rehabilitation following intensive care unit discharge for recovery from critical illness (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 483 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Other adverse events Non‐mortality · adult survivors of critical illness Exercise rehabilitation following intensive care unit discharge for recovery from critical illness (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 376 participants | Low |
Pressure‐controlled ventilation vs volume‐controlled ventilation Mortality in hospital · patients with acute respiratory failure due to acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Pressure‐controlled versus volume‐controlled ventilation for acute respiratory failure due to acute lung… (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.67, 1.02] | 3 studies · 1089 participants | Moderate |
Pressure‐controlled ventilation vs volume‐controlled ventilation Mortality in ICU · patients with acute respiratory failure due to acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Pressure‐controlled versus volume‐controlled ventilation for acute respiratory failure due to acute lung… (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.71, 0.99] | 2 studies · 1062 participants | Moderate |
Pressure‐controlled ventilation vs volume‐controlled ventilation Mortality on · patients with acute respiratory failure due to acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Pressure‐controlled versus volume‐controlled ventilation for acute respiratory failure due to acute lung… (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.73, 1.06] | 1 study · 983 participants | Moderate |
Pressure‐controlled ventilation vs volume‐controlled ventilation Duration of mechanical ventilation · patients with acute respiratory failure due to acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Pressure‐controlled versus volume‐controlled ventilation for acute respiratory failure due to acute lung… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 983 participants | Ungraded |
Pressure‐controlled ventilation vs volume‐controlled ventilation Barotrauma · patients with acute respiratory failure due to acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Pressure‐controlled versus volume‐controlled ventilation for acute respiratory failure due to acute lung… (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.24 [0.87, 1.77] | 2 studies · 1062 participants | Low |
Pressure‐controlled ventilation vs volume‐controlled ventilation Organ failure · patients with acute respiratory failure due to acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Pressure‐controlled versus volume‐controlled ventilation for acute respiratory failure due to acute lung… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 79 participants | Ungraded |
Pressure‐controlled ventilation vs volume‐controlled ventilation Quality of life · patients with acute respiratory failure due to acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Pressure‐controlled versus volume‐controlled ventilation for acute respiratory failure due to acute lung… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Changes in objective sleep variables (SEI, SFI, REM sleep) · critically ill patients Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep promotion in the intensive care unit (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 16 studies · 403 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Length of ICU stay · critically ill patients Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep promotion in the intensive care unit (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 45 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Subjective sleep quality or quantity · critically ill patients Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep promotion in the intensive care unit (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 18 studies · 1220 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Risk of delirium · critically ill patients Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep promotion in the intensive care unit (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 177 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Any adverse event · critically ill patients Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep promotion in the intensive care unit (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 72 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Mortality · critically ill patients Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep promotion in the intensive care unit (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Economic outcomes · critically ill patients Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep promotion in the intensive care unit (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Post‐pyloric tube feeding vs gastric tube feeding Pneumonia ( · critically ill adult patients Post‐pyloric versus gastric tube feeding for preventing pneumonia and improving nutritional outcomes in… (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.65 [0.51, 0.84] | 9 studies · 819 participants | Moderate |
Post‐pyloric tube feeding vs gastric tube feeding Mortality ( · critically ill adult patients Post‐pyloric versus gastric tube feeding for preventing pneumonia and improving nutritional outcomes in… (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.83, 1.29] | 11 studies · 977 participants | Moderate |
Post‐pyloric tube feeding vs gastric tube feeding Percentage of total nutrition delivered to participant ( · critically ill adult patients Post‐pyloric versus gastric tube feeding for preventing pneumonia and improving nutritional outcomes in… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 692 participants | Low |
Post‐pyloric tube feeding vs gastric tube feeding Time required to achieve full nutritional target (in hours) ( · critically ill adult patients Post‐pyloric versus gastric tube feeding for preventing pneumonia and improving nutritional outcomes in… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 432 participants | Very low |
Post‐pyloric tube feeding vs gastric tube feeding Duration of mechanical ventilation in days ( · critically ill adult patients Post‐pyloric versus gastric tube feeding for preventing pneumonia and improving nutritional outcomes in… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 549 participants | Moderate |
Post‐pyloric tube feeding vs gastric tube feeding Complications related to tube insertion ( · critically ill adult patients Post‐pyloric versus gastric tube feeding for preventing pneumonia and improving nutritional outcomes in… (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.51 [0.19, 1.36] | 4 studies · 324 participants | Low |
Post‐pyloric tube feeding vs gastric tube feeding Complications related to tube maintenance ( · critically ill adult patients Post‐pyloric versus gastric tube feeding for preventing pneumonia and improving nutritional outcomes in… (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.63 [0.93, 2.86] | 7 studies · 638 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Risk of VAP at any time in participants intubated for ≥ 24 hours · People who are mechanically ventilated Silver‐coated endotracheal tubes for prevention of ventilator‐associated pneumonia in critically ill patients (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.43, 0.96] | 1 study · 1509 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Risk of VAP within 10 days of intubation in participants intubated for ≥ 24 hours · People who are mechanically ventilated Silver‐coated endotracheal tubes for prevention of ventilator‐associated pneumonia in critically ill patients (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.51 [0.31, 0.82] | 1 study · 1509 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Hospital mortality · People who are mechanically ventilated Silver‐coated endotracheal tubes for prevention of ventilator‐associated pneumonia in critically ill patients (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.09 [0.93, 1.29] | 1 study · 1509 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Device‐related adverse events · People who are mechanically ventilated Silver‐coated endotracheal tubes for prevention of ventilator‐associated pneumonia in critically ill patients (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.65 [0.37, 1.16] | 2 studies · 2081 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Change in nausea severity at 30 minutes Visual analogue scale Scale from: 0 to 100 · people with nausea and vomiting Drugs for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in adults in the emergency department setting (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 301 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Number of vomiting episodes · people with nausea and vomiting Drugs for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in adults in the emergency department setting (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 301 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Adverse reactions · people with nausea and vomiting Drugs for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in adults in the emergency department setting (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 301 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Proportion of participants requiring rescue medication Physician's discretion · people with nausea and vomiting Drugs for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in adults in the emergency department setting (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.3 [0.17, 0.53] | 3 studies · 299 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Participant satisfaction with intervention Self report · people with nausea and vomiting Drugs for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in adults in the emergency department setting (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.07 [0.6, 1.91] | 2 studies · 216 participants | Low |
Etomidate vs all other induction agents Mortality · patients with endotracheal intubation in critically ill patients Single induction dose of etomidate versus other induction agents for endotracheal intubation in critically… (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.17 [0.86, 1.6] | 6 studies · 772 participants | Moderate |
Etomidate vs all other induction agents ACTH stimulation test ACTH stimulation test is considered positive if the change in serum cortisol level was less than 9 μg/dL (248 nmol/L) after the administration of 250 μg of cosyntropin · patients with endotracheal intubation in critically ill patients Single induction dose of etomidate versus other induction agents for endotracheal intubation in critically… (2015) · Cochrane | OR 2.37 [1.61, 3.47] | 3 studies · 519 participants | Moderate |
Etomidate vs all other induction agents Random serum cortisol levels (μg/dL) after receiving intervention · patients with endotracheal intubation in critically ill patients Single induction dose of etomidate versus other induction agents for endotracheal intubation in critically… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 105 participants | Moderate |