Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,378 questions · 2,146 findings · 145 reviews · Oral Health

No studies found 167 · 7.8%GRADE not reported 1,674 · 78%Very low 148 · 6.9%Low 113 · 5.3%Moderate 40 · 1.9%High 4 · 0.2%

Absence of toothpaste use vs Toothpaste use

Dental caries · Primary school children in Ethiopia

Absence of toothpaste use was not significantly associated with dental caries (OR 1.42, 95% CI -1.278 to 4.109, p=0.3029; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Prenatal vitamin D deficiency (low maternal 25(OH)D during pregnancy) vs Adequate prenatal vitamin D (sufficient maternal 25(OH)D)

Dental caries in children · Children aged 6 to 8 years whose mothers' prenatal vitamin D status was assessed

In the single study of children aged 6-8 years, the association was not statistically significant (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.84-1.30); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Grade level 1-4 (first cycle) vs Grade level 5 or above

Dental caries · Primary school children in Ethiopia

Being in grade levels 1-4 was associated with higher odds of dental caries (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.523-3.397; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

High intake of sweets vs Lower/less intake of sweets

Dental caries · Primary school children in Ethiopia

A high intake of sweets was associated with higher odds of dental caries (OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.968-3.451; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Prenatal vitamin D deficiency (maternal 25(OH)D measured at gestational weeks 24 to 38) vs Adequate prenatal vitamin D (sufficient maternal 25(OH)D)

Dental caries in children · Infants and children (aged about 2 to 8 years) whose mothers' vitamin D status was assessed during pregnancy

For prenatal vitamin D measured across gestational weeks 24-38, the OR of dental caries was 1.30 (no CI reported); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Higher BMI (continuous / per-unit increment) vs Lower BMI (continuous reference / per 1 kg/m2 decrement)

Dental caries in children · Children (approx. 4-18 years)

Pooling studies that used BMI as a continuous variable showed no significant association between per-unit BMI and childhood dental caries (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.03; I2=3.5%); ungraded.

3 findings from 1 review

Overweight vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese

Caries experience (mean DMFT) · Brazilian children in primary dentition (BMI classified by CDC 2000 growth charts)

Overweight may make little or no difference to caries experience (dmft) in the primary dentition of Brazilian children (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Overweight vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese

Caries experience (mean DMFT) · Brazilian children/adolescents in permanent dentition (BMI classified by CDC 2000 growth charts)

Overweight may make little or no difference to caries experience (DMFT) in the permanent dentition (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Overweight/obesity (combined) vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese

Dental caries prevalence · Brazilian children/adolescents in permanent dentition (BMI classified by WHO 2006 Z-score)

A meta-analysis of 2 studies (permanent dentition, WHO 2006 Z-score) was rated very low certainty; the pooled effect was not shown in the article.

1 finding from 1 review

Obesity (Unclassified) vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese

Dental caries prevalence · Brazilian children/adolescents in permanent dentition (BMI classified by CDC 2000 growth charts)

Normal-weight adolescents in the permanent dentition probably have greater odds of dental caries than obese peers (OR 2.53; moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Obesity (Unclassified) vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese

Caries experience (mean DMFT) · Brazilian children in primary dentition (BMI classified by CDC 2000 growth charts)

Obesity may make little or no difference to caries experience (dmft) in the primary dentition (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High-frequency sugar consumption (three or more times daily) vs Low sugar intake (fewer than three times daily)

Dental caries in permanent teeth · Nigerian individuals with permanent dentition (approximately 12 years and older)

In permanent dentition, high-frequency sugar consumption was associated with non-significant 15% higher odds of caries (OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.52), with no heterogeneity (I2=0%; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Overweight/obesity (combined) vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese

Dental caries prevalence · Brazilian children under 5 years in primary dentition (BMI classified by WHO 2006 Z-score)

The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of overweight/obesity on caries odds in the primary dentition (WHO 2006 Z-score; very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Genome-wide common variants (aggregate additive; LD score regression) vs Not applicable (variance-component estimate)

Dental caries - SNP-based heritability · Japanese adults (present-study cohort)

SNP-based heritability of dental caries was low (h2=0.0258, SE 0.0155); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Obesity (Unclassified) vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese

Dental caries prevalence · Brazilian children in primary dentition (BMI classified by CDC 2000 growth charts)

The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of obesity on caries odds in the primary dentition (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher waist circumference vs Lower waist circumference

Dental caries in children · Children (approx. 4-18 years)

Waist circumference was not significantly associated with childhood dental caries (pooled OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.30; I2=47.7%); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review