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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
75,239 questions in 5,342 reviews
current versionsNo studies 15,213 · 20.2%Ungraded 10,323 · 13.7%Very low 17,528 · 23.3%Low 17,951 · 23.9%Moderate 11,190 · 14.9%High 3,034 · 4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Number of patients experiencing any adverse event Median · patients with osteoarthritis Transcutaneous electrostimulation for osteoarthritis of the knee (2009) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.53, 1.97] | 3 studies · 175 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Number of patients withdrawn or dropped out because of adverse events Median · patients with osteoarthritis Transcutaneous electrostimulation for osteoarthritis of the knee (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.16, 6] | 8 studies · 363 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Number of patients experiencing any serious adverse event Median follow ‐up: 4 weeks · patients with osteoarthritis Transcutaneous electrostimulation for osteoarthritis of the knee (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.02, 7.32] | 4 studies · 195 participants | Low |
DAY HOSPITAL vs OUT‐PATIENT CARE Service use: 1a. Admitted to hospital during study ‐ by 6 months · patients with people with schizophrenia near or on discharge Day hospital versus outpatient care for people with schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.58 [0.26, 1.33] | 2 studies · 110 participants | Moderate |
DAY HOSPITAL vs OUT‐PATIENT CARE Service use: 1b. Admitted to hospital during study ‐ by/at 12 months · patients with people with schizophrenia near or on discharge Day hospital versus outpatient care for people with schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.73 [0.54, 1] | 2 studies · 242 participants | Low |
DAY HOSPITAL vs OUT‐PATIENT CARE Service use: 1c. Admitted to hospital during study ‐ beyond 12 months · patients with people with schizophrenia near or on discharge Day hospital versus outpatient care for people with schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.71 [0.56, 0.89] | 2 studies · 242 participants | Moderate |
DAY HOSPITAL vs OUT‐PATIENT CARE Global state: 1a. Number lost to · patients with people with schizophrenia near or on discharge Day hospital versus outpatient care for people with schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.48, 1.95] | 3 studies · 147 participants | Moderate |
DAY HOSPITAL vs OUT‐PATIENT CARE Global state: 1b. Number lost to · patients with people with schizophrenia near or on discharge Day hospital versus outpatient care for people with schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.48, 1.95] | 2 studies · 117 participants | Low |
DAY HOSPITAL vs OUT‐PATIENT CARE Social functioning: 2a. Unemployed ‐ by 6 months · patients with people with schizophrenia near or on discharge Day hospital versus outpatient care for people with schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.04 [0, 0.62] | 1 study · 30 participants | Low |
DAY HOSPITAL vs OUT‐PATIENT CARE Social functioning: 2b. Unemployed ‐ beyond 12 months · patients with people with schizophrenia near or on discharge Day hospital versus outpatient care for people with schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.69, 1.06] | 1 study · 80 participants | Moderate |
Calcium channel blockers vs placebo/no treatment Death · kidney transplant recipients Antihypertensive treatment for kidney transplant recipients (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.37, 1.82] | 12 studies · 792 participants | Low |
ACE inhibitors vs placebo/no treatment GFR (measured or estimated) mL/min · kidney transplant recipients Antihypertensive treatment for kidney transplant recipients (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 77 participants | Low |
ACE inhibitors vs placebo/no treatment Proteinuria g/24 h · kidney transplant recipients Antihypertensive treatment for kidney transplant recipients (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 175 participants | Moderate |
ACE inhibitors vs placebo/no treatment Serum creatinine umol/L · kidney transplant recipients Antihypertensive treatment for kidney transplant recipients (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 272 participants | Low |
ACE inhibitors vs placebo/no treatment Haemoglobin g/L · kidney transplant recipients Antihypertensive treatment for kidney transplant recipients (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 191 participants | Moderate |
ACE inhibitors vs placebo/no treatment Blood pressure mmHg · kidney transplant recipients Antihypertensive treatment for kidney transplant recipients (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 392 participants | Very low |
ACE Inhibitors vs calcium channel blockers Death · kidney transplant recipients Antihypertensive treatment for kidney transplant recipients (2009) · Cochrane | RR 4.03 [0.45, 35.82] | 2 studies · 221 participants | Low |
ACE Inhibitors vs calcium channel blockers Graft loss · kidney transplant recipients Antihypertensive treatment for kidney transplant recipients (2009) · Cochrane | RR 7.37 [0.39, 140.35] | 1 study · 152 participants | Low |
ACE Inhibitors vs calcium channel blockers GFR (measured or estimated) · kidney transplant recipients Antihypertensive treatment for kidney transplant recipients (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 296 participants | Moderate |
ACE Inhibitors vs calcium channel blockers Acute rejection · kidney transplant recipients Antihypertensive treatment for kidney transplant recipients (2009) · Cochrane | RR 1.54 [1.14, 2.07] | 2 studies · 221 participants | Very low |
ACE Inhibitors vs calcium channel blockers Proteinuria g/24 h · kidney transplant recipients Antihypertensive treatment for kidney transplant recipients (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 142 participants | Moderate |
Calcium channel blockers vs placebo/no treatment Graft loss · kidney transplant recipients Antihypertensive treatment for kidney transplant recipients (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.75 [0.57, 0.99] | 17 studies · 1255 participants | Low |
ACE Inhibitors vs calcium channel blockers Haemoglobin g/L · kidney transplant recipients Antihypertensive treatment for kidney transplant recipients (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 332 participants | Moderate |
ACE Inhibitors vs calcium channel blockers Haematocrit % · kidney transplant recipients Antihypertensive treatment for kidney transplant recipients (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 153 participants | Moderate |
Calcium channel blockers vs placebo/no treatment GFR (measured or estimated) mL/min · kidney transplant recipients Antihypertensive treatment for kidney transplant recipients (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 18 studies · 1119 participants | Moderate |
Calcium channel blockers vs placebo/no treatment Acute rejection · kidney transplant recipients Antihypertensive treatment for kidney transplant recipients (2009) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.85, 1.23] | 11 studies · 771 participants | Low |
Calcium channel blockers vs placebo/no treatment Withdrawal due to side effects · kidney transplant recipients Antihypertensive treatment for kidney transplant recipients (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.53, 1.87] | 2 studies · 156 participants | Low |
Calcium channel blockers vs placebo/no treatment Proteinuria g/24 h · kidney transplant recipients Antihypertensive treatment for kidney transplant recipients (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 90 participants | Low |
Calcium channel blockers vs placebo/no treatment Blood pressure mm Hg · kidney transplant recipients Antihypertensive treatment for kidney transplant recipients (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 590 participants | Very low |
ACE inhibitors vs placebo/no treatment Death · kidney transplant recipients Antihypertensive treatment for kidney transplant recipients (2009) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.07, 14.55] | 1 study · 30 participants | Low |
ACE inhibitors vs placebo/no treatment Graft loss · kidney transplant recipients Antihypertensive treatment for kidney transplant recipients (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 93 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis · Cirrhotic patients with ascites, without gastro‐intestinal bleeding and no current spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Antibiotic prophylaxis for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients with ascites, without… (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.2 [0.11, 0.37] | 7 studies · 538 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Mortality · Cirrhotic patients with ascites, without gastro‐intestinal bleeding and no current spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Antibiotic prophylaxis for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients with ascites, without… (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.61 [0.43, 0.87] | 7 studies · 538 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR VT‐IPD, ITT (random) ( · Children under two years of age Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing vaccine‐type invasive pneumococcal disease and X‐ray defined… (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.2 [0.1, 0.42] | 7 studies · 113044 participants | High |
Intervention NR All serotypes‐IPD, ITT (random) ( · Children under two years of age Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing vaccine‐type invasive pneumococcal disease and X‐ray defined… (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.42 [0.25, 0.71] | 7 studies · 113044 participants | High |
Intervention NR X‐ray defined pneumonia, ITT (random) ( · Children under two years of age Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing vaccine‐type invasive pneumococcal disease and X‐ray defined… (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.73 [0.64, 0.85] | 4 studies · 104755 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Clinical pneumonia, ITT (random) ( · Children under two years of age Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing vaccine‐type invasive pneumococcal disease and X‐ray defined… (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.91, 0.98] | 4 studies · 104755 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Number of subjects who had one or more exacerbations over the study period in adults ( · Adults and children with asthma Tailored interventions based on exhaled nitric oxide versus clinical symptoms for asthma in children and… (2009) · Cochrane | OR 0.85 [0.3, 2.43] | 2 studies · 197 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Number of subjects who had one or more exacerbations over the study period in children and adolescents ( · Adults and children with asthma Tailored interventions based on exhaled nitric oxide versus clinical symptoms for asthma in children and… (2009) · Cochrane | OR 0.75 [0.55, 1.01] | 3 studies · 782 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Number of exacerbations per 52 weeks in adults ( · Adults and children with asthma Tailored interventions based on exhaled nitric oxide versus clinical symptoms for asthma in children and… (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 197 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Number of exacerbations per 52 weeks in children and adolescents ( · Adults and children with asthma Tailored interventions based on exhaled nitric oxide versus clinical symptoms for asthma in children and… (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 546 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR ICS dose at final visit in adults ( · Adults and children with asthma Tailored interventions based on exhaled nitric oxide versus clinical symptoms for asthma in children and… (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 197 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR ICS dose at final visit in children and adolescents ( · Adults and children with asthma Tailored interventions based on exhaled nitric oxide versus clinical symptoms for asthma in children and… (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 777 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: 5 mg/day vs placebo Benefits · People with rotator cuff disease Topical glyceryl trinitrate for rotator cuff disease (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: 1.25 mg/day plus rehabilitation vs placebo plus rehabilitation Function ‐ not measured · People with rotator cuff disease Topical glyceryl trinitrate for rotator cuff disease (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: 1.25 mg/day plus rehabilitation vs placebo plus rehabilitation Harms · People with rotator cuff disease Topical glyceryl trinitrate for rotator cuff disease (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: 1.25 mg/day plus rehabilitation vs placebo plus rehabilitation Headache ( · People with rotator cuff disease Topical glyceryl trinitrate for rotator cuff disease (2009) · Cochrane | RR 1.73 [0.92, 3.24] | 1 study · 53 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: 1.25 mg/day plus rehabilitation vs placebo plus rehabilitation Rash ( · People with rotator cuff disease Topical glyceryl trinitrate for rotator cuff disease (2009) · Cochrane | RR 3.12 [0.35, 28.06] | 1 study · 53 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: 5 mg/day vs injection with corticosteroid and anaesthetic Benefits · People with rotator cuff disease Topical glyceryl trinitrate for rotator cuff disease (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: 5 mg/day vs injection with corticosteroid and anaesthetic Pain ‐ not reported1 · People with rotator cuff disease Topical glyceryl trinitrate for rotator cuff disease (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |