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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
75,239 questions in 5,342 reviews
current versionsNo studies 15,213 · 20.2%Ungraded 10,323 · 13.7%Very low 17,528 · 23.3%Low 17,951 · 23.9%Moderate 11,190 · 14.9%High 3,034 · 4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Oral vs systemic antibiotic (IM or IV) Fever · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 1.8 [0.24, 13.45] | 3 studies · 522 participants | Moderate |
Oral vs systemic antibiotic (IM or IV) UTI · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.27, 2.7] | 3 studies · 508 participants | Moderate |
Oral vs systemic antibiotic (IM or IV) Hospitalization · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 1.8 [0.24, 13.45] | 2 studies · 407 participants | Low |
Antibiotic vs placebo Bacteremia · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.49, 0.92] | 6 studies · 494 participants | Moderate |
Antibiotic vs placebo Fever · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.39 [0.23, 0.64] | 9 studies · 820 participants | Moderate |
Antibiotic vs placebo UTI · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.37 [0.22, 0.62] | 5 studies · 1077 participants | Moderate |
Antibiotic vs placebo Hospitalization · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.13 [0.03, 0.55] | 3 studies · 650 participants | Moderate |
Antibiotic vs placebo Adverse event · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 1.62 [0.23, 11.56] | 2 studies · 127 participants | Low |
Short course vs long course treatment Bacteriuria · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 2.09 [1.17, 3.73] | 3 studies · 869 participants | Moderate |
Short course vs long course treatment Fever · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 2.84 [0.99, 8.16] | 4 studies · 652 participants | Moderate |
Short course vs long course treatment UTI · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 1.4 [0.73, 2.68] | 5 studies · 1312 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Poor compliance with study protocol · people with schizophrenia or like psychosis Aripiprazole versus placebo for schizophrenia (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.72 [0.53, 0.97] | 8 studies · 2275 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Relapse · people with schizophrenia or like psychosis Aripiprazole versus placebo for schizophrenia (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.66 [0.57, 0.75] | 2 studies · 573 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Weight gain (equal or greater then 7% of baseline) · people with schizophrenia or like psychosis Aripiprazole versus placebo for schizophrenia (2011) · Cochrane | RR 2.33 [1.17, 4.66] | 3 studies · 615 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Concomitant medication (Anxiolytic ‐ Lorazepam) · people with schizophrenia or like psychosis Aripiprazole versus placebo for schizophrenia (2011) · Cochrane | OR 0.96 | 2 studies · 787 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Maternal parasitaemia (at delivery) · HIV‐positive pregnant women living Intermittent preventive treatment regimens for malaria in HIV‐positive pregnant women (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.25 [0.14, 0.43] | 2 studies · 463 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Neonatal mortality · HIV‐positive pregnant women Intermittent preventive treatment regimens for malaria in HIV‐positive pregnant women (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Placental parasitaemia (at delivery) · HIV‐positive pregnant women living Intermittent preventive treatment regimens for malaria in HIV‐positive pregnant women (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.38 [0.21, 0.7] | 2 studies · 459 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Maternal anaemia (Hb < 11 g/dL at delivery) · HIV‐positive pregnant women living Intermittent preventive treatment regimens for malaria in HIV‐positive pregnant women (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.72, 1.2] | 2 studies · 447 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Low birth weight (< 2.5 kg) · HIV‐positive pregnant women living Intermittent preventive treatment regimens for malaria in HIV‐positive pregnant women (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.52, 1.23] | 2 studies · 469 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Neonatal mortality · HIV‐positive pregnant women living Intermittent preventive treatment regimens for malaria in HIV‐positive pregnant women (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.29 [0.08, 1.05] | 1 study · 253 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Maternal parasitaemia (at delivery) · HIV‐positive pregnant women Intermittent preventive treatment regimens for malaria in HIV‐positive pregnant women (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.06, 14.75] | 1 study · 159 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Placental parasitaemia (at delivery) · HIV‐positive pregnant women Intermittent preventive treatment regimens for malaria in HIV‐positive pregnant women (2011) · Cochrane | RR 1.87 [0.17, 20.23] | 1 study · 153 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Maternal anaemia (Hb < 11 g/dL at delivery) · HIV‐positive pregnant women Intermittent preventive treatment regimens for malaria in HIV‐positive pregnant women (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.69, 1.4] | 1 study · 157 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Low birth weight (< 2.5 kg) · HIV‐positive pregnant women Intermittent preventive treatment regimens for malaria in HIV‐positive pregnant women (2011) · Cochrane | RR 1.41 [0.57, 3.51] | 1 study · 155 participants | Very low |
Natural frequencies vs probabilities Understanding (measured as correct estimate or interpretation of a risk) · health professionals and consumers Using alternative statistical formats for presenting risks and risk reductions (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 642 participants | Moderate |
Absolute risk reduction (ARR) vs number needed Persuasiveness (measured as a hypothetical decision or intention or willingness to adopt an intervention) · health professionals and consumers Using alternative statistical formats for presenting risks and risk reductions (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9024 participants | Moderate |
Relative risk reduction (RRR) vs absolute risk reduction (ARR) Understanding (measured as correct estimate or interpretation of a risk reduction) · health professionals and consumers Using alternative statistical formats for presenting risks and risk reductions (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 469 participants | Moderate |
Relative risk reduction (RRR) vs absolute risk reduction (ARR) Perception (measured as rating on a scale of perceived effectiveness) · health professionals and consumers Using alternative statistical formats for presenting risks and risk reductions (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1116 participants | Low |
Relative risk reduction (RRR) vs absolute risk reduction (ARR) Persuasiveness (measured as a hypothetical decision or intention or willingness to adopt an intervention) · health professionals and consumers Using alternative statistical formats for presenting risks and risk reductions (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11221 participants | Moderate |
Relative risk reduction (RRR) vs number needed Understanding (measured as correct estimate or interpretation of a risk reduction) · health professionals and consumers Using alternative statistical formats for presenting risks and risk reductions (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 182 participants | Moderate |
Relative risk reduction (RRR) vs number needed Perception (measured as rating on a scale of perceived effectiveness) · health professionals and consumers Using alternative statistical formats for presenting risks and risk reductions (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 970 participants | Moderate |
Relative risk reduction (RRR) vs number needed Persuasiveness (measured as a hypothetical decision or intention or willingness to adopt an intervention) · health professionals and consumers Using alternative statistical formats for presenting risks and risk reductions (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9582 participants | Moderate |
Absolute risk reduction (ARR) vs number needed Understanding (measured as correct estimate or interpretation of a risk reduction) · health professionals and consumers Using alternative statistical formats for presenting risks and risk reductions (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 182 participants | Moderate |
Absolute risk reduction (ARR) vs number needed Perception (measured as rating on a scale of perceived effectiveness) · health professionals and consumers Using alternative statistical formats for presenting risks and risk reductions (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 949 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Understanding · consumers Framing of health information messages (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 124 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Behavior · consumers Framing of health information messages (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 16 studies · 11629 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Perception (measured as rating on a scale of perceived effectiveness) · consumers Framing of health information messages (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 226 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Persuasiveness (measured as a hypothetical decision or intention or willingness to adopt an intervention) · consumers Framing of health information messages (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 1068 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Behavior · consumers Framing of health information messages (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 282 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Perception ‐ screening message (measured as rating on a scale of perceived effectiveness) · consumers Framing of health information messages (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 513 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Perception ‐ prevention message (measured as rating on a scale of perceived effectiveness) · consumers Framing of health information messages (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 815 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Persuasiveness ‐ screening message (measured as a hypothetical decision or intention or willingness to adopt an intervention) · consumers Framing of health information messages (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 931 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Persuasiveness ‐ prevention message (measured as a hypothetical decision or intention or willingness to adopt an intervention) · consumers Framing of health information messages (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 13 studies · 1496 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Persuasiveness ‐ treatment message (measured as a hypothetical decision or intention or willingness to adopt an intervention) · consumers Framing of health information messages (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1788 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Quality of life (3 to 8 months) · patients with treatment of inflammatory bowel disease Psychological interventions for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 173 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Depression and anxiety at 3 to 8 months ‐ Anxiety · patients with treatment of inflammatory bowel disease Psychological interventions for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 31 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Quality of life (3 to 8 months) · patients with treatment of inflammatory bowel disease Psychological interventions for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 596 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Quality of life (9 to 18 months) · patients with treatment of inflammatory bowel disease Psychological interventions for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 947 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Depression (3 to 8 months) · patients with treatment of inflammatory bowel disease Psychological interventions for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 430 participants | Very low |