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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
75,239 questions in 5,342 reviews
current versionsNo studies 15,213 · 20.2%Ungraded 10,323 · 13.7%Very low 17,528 · 23.3%Low 17,951 · 23.9%Moderate 11,190 · 14.9%High 3,034 · 4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Summary of findings: dopamine agonists vs placebo Sleep efficiency Percentage of total sleep time per time in bed · patients with restless legs syndrome according to IRLSSG, 18 years or older Dopamine agonists for the treatment of restless legs syndrome (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 677 participants | High |
Summary of findings: dopamine agonists vs placebo Number of dropouts due to adverse events · patients with restless legs syndrome according to IRLSSG, 18 years or older Dopamine agonists for the treatment of restless legs syndrome (2011) · Cochrane | OR 1.82 [1.35, 2.45] | 34 studies · 7054 participants | High |
Summary of findings: dopamine agonists vs placebo Clinical Global Impressions ‐ Improvement of condition (CGI‐I) Rating of 1 = very much improved to 7 = very much worse · patients with restless legs syndrome according to IRLSSG, 18 years or older Dopamine agonists for the treatment of restless legs syndrome (2011) · Cochrane | RR 1.44 [1.34, 1.54] | 27 studies · 6338 participants | High |
Summary of findings: dopamine agonists vs placebo Subjective quality of sleep SMD on questionnaires MOS, RLS‐6, PSQI, VAS · patients with restless legs syndrome according to IRLSSG, 18 years or older Dopamine agonists for the treatment of restless legs syndrome (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 22 studies · 4592 participants | High |
Summary of findings: dopamine agonists vs placebo Quality of life SMD on 2 RLS‐QoL questionnaires · patients with restless legs syndrome according to IRLSSG, 18 years or older Dopamine agonists for the treatment of restless legs syndrome (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 17 studies · 4312 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: dopamine agonists vs levodopa IRLS · patients with restless legs syndrome Dopamine agonists for the treatment of restless legs syndrome (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 383 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: dopamine agonists vs levodopa Periodic limb movements per hour of time in bed · patients with restless legs syndrome Dopamine agonists for the treatment of restless legs syndrome (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 39 participants | Low |
Behavioural intervention vs control STI incidence for sex workers · Sex workers and their clients Behavioral interventions to reduce the transmission of HIV infection among sex workers and their clients in… (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.46 [0.11, 1.98] | 2 studies · 627 participants | Very low |
Behavioural intervention vs control STI prevalence for clients of sex workers · Sex workers and their clients Behavioral interventions to reduce the transmission of HIV infection among sex workers and their clients in… (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.09 [0.01, 0.72] | 1 study · 288 participants | High |
Behavioural intervention vs control Condom use for sex workers · Sex workers and their clients Behavioral interventions to reduce the transmission of HIV infection among sex workers and their clients in… (2011) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.99, 1.09] | 3 studies · 1133 participants | Very low |
Behavioural intervention vs control Condom use for clients of sex workers · Sex workers and their clients Behavioral interventions to reduce the transmission of HIV infection among sex workers and their clients in… (2011) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [0.69, 1.75] | 1 study · 26 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Development of diabetic complications · patients with LADA Interventions for latent autoimmune diabetes (LADA) in adults (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse events · patients with LADA Interventions for latent autoimmune diabetes (LADA) in adults (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 5 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Health‐related quality of life · patients with LADA Interventions for latent autoimmune diabetes (LADA) in adults (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Death from any cause · patients with LADA Interventions for latent autoimmune diabetes (LADA) in adults (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Health service utilisation and costs · patients with LADA Interventions for latent autoimmune diabetes (LADA) in adults (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR HbA1c at study endpoint · patients with LADA Interventions for latent autoimmune diabetes (LADA) in adults (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 160 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Change in mood Lubin's Depression Adjective Checklist Form E. Scale from: 0 (better) to 34 (worse). · healthcare personnel The psychological effects of the physical healthcare environment on healthcare personnel (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 67 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Satisfaction with physical environment ‐ not reported · healthcare personnel The psychological effects of the physical healthcare environment on healthcare personnel (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Change in unscheduled absences hours per staff person per month · healthcare personnel The psychological effects of the physical healthcare environment on healthcare personnel (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Insulin detemir (intervention) vs Insulin glargin (control) Mortality ‐ not reported · patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Insulin detemir versus insulin glargine for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Insulin detemir (intervention) vs Insulin glargin (control) Quality of life and treatment satisfaction ‐ not reported · patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Insulin detemir versus insulin glargine for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Insulin detemir (intervention) vs Insulin glargin (control) Change in HbA1c · patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Insulin detemir versus insulin glargine for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 2250 participants | Low |
Insulin detemir (intervention) vs Insulin glargin (control) Percentage of participants having at least one severe hypoglycaemic event · patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Insulin detemir versus insulin glargine for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.51, 1.32] | 4 studies · 2252 participants | Low |
Insulin detemir (intervention) vs Insulin glargin (control) Percentage of participants having at least one hypoglycaemic event · patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Insulin detemir versus insulin glargine for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.92, 1.05] | 4 studies · 2252 participants | Low |
Insulin detemir (intervention) vs Insulin glargin (control) Weight gain · patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Insulin detemir versus insulin glargine for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 2250 participants | High |
Insulin detemir (intervention) vs Insulin glargin (control) Percentage of participants having at least one injection site reaction · patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Insulin detemir versus insulin glargine for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2011) · Cochrane | RR 3.31 [1.13, 9.73] | 4 studies · 2252 participants | Low |
Supervision vs no supervision to improve the quality of primary health care Providers practice · providers Managerial supervision to improve primary health care in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 134 participants | Low |
'Less intense' vs routine supervision to improve the quality of primary health care New clients gained by community‐based posts (number per quarter) Daily log completed by the supervisor reporting activities of providers · providers and users Managerial supervision to improve primary health care in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 247 participants | Low |
'Less intense' vs routine supervision to improve the quality of primary health care Average number of revisits per quarter (health‐facility‐based posts) Daily log completed by the supervisor reporting activities of providers · providers and users Managerial supervision to improve primary health care in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 247 participants | Low |
'Less intense' vs routine supervision to improve the quality of primary health care Average number of revisits per quarter (community‐based posts) Daily log completed by the supervisor reporting activities of providers · providers and users Managerial supervision to improve primary health care in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 247 participants | Low |
Supervision vs no supervision to improve the quality of primary health care Providers knowledge · providers Managerial supervision to improve primary health care in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 134 participants | Very low |
Supervision vs no supervision to improve the quality of primary health care Drug supply · providers Managerial supervision to improve primary health care in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 1 participants | Very low |
'Enhanced' vs routine supervision to improve the quality of primary health care Functional status of community health agents (Ayele 1993) · providers and users Managerial supervision to improve primary health care in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 102 participants | Very low |
'Enhanced' vs routine supervision to improve the quality of primary health care Overall performance score midwives (Loevinsohn 1995) Scale from: 0 to 60. · providers and users Managerial supervision to improve primary health care in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 112 participants | Very low |
'Enhanced' vs routine supervision to improve the quality of primary health care Children receiving recommended or adequate care (Rowe 2009) · providers and users Managerial supervision to improve primary health care in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 1 participants | Very low |
'Enhanced' vs routine supervision to improve the quality of primary health care Health worker job satisfaction (Sennun 2006) Questionnaire. Scale from: 0 to 165. · providers and users Managerial supervision to improve primary health care in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 6 participants | Very low |
'Enhanced' vs routine supervision to improve the quality of primary health care Clients satisfaction (Sennun 2006) Questionnaire. Scale from: 0 to 90. · providers and users Managerial supervision to improve primary health care in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 390 participants | Very low |
'Less intense' vs routine supervision to improve the quality of primary health care New clients gained by health facility based posts (number per quarter) Daily log completed by the supervisor reporting activities of providers · providers and users Managerial supervision to improve primary health care in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 247 participants | Low |
Steam inhalation (mist) vs nebulised salbutamol change in respiratory distress score at 30 minutes Scale from: 0 to 13. · patients with acute bronchiolitis in children up to three years of age Steam inhalation or humidified oxygen for acute bronchiolitis in children up to three years of age (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 104 participants | Moderate |
Steam inhalation (mist) vs nebulised salbutamol change in respiratory distress score at 60 minutes Scale from: 0 to 13. · patients with acute bronchiolitis in children up to three years of age Steam inhalation or humidified oxygen for acute bronchiolitis in children up to three years of age (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 104 participants | Moderate |
Steam (mist) vs nebulised saline change in respiratory distress score at 30 minutes Scale from: 0 to 13. · patients with acute bronchiolitis in children up to three years of age Steam inhalation or humidified oxygen for acute bronchiolitis in children up to three years of age (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 104 participants | Moderate |
Steam (mist) vs nebulised saline change in respiratory distress score at 60 minutes Scale from: 0 to 13. · patients with acute bronchiolitis in children up to three years of age Steam inhalation or humidified oxygen for acute bronchiolitis in children up to three years of age (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 104 participants | Moderate |
Antibiotic vs placebo Bacteriuria · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.25 [0.15, 0.42] | 8 studies · 870 participants | Moderate |
Short course vs long course treatment Hospitalization · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 4.14 [0.47, 36.46] | 2 studies · 366 participants | Low |
Single dose vs multiple dose antibiotic Bacteriuria · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 1.98 [1.18, 3.33] | 4 studies · 944 participants | Moderate |
Single dose vs multiple dose antibiotic Fever · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 2.84 [0.99, 8.16] | 4 studies · 652 participants | Low |
Single dose vs multiple dose antibiotic UTI · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 1.4 [0.73, 2.68] | 5 studies · 1312 participants | Moderate |
Single dose vs multiple dose antibiotic Hospitalization · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 3.1 [0.64, 15.06] | 3 studies · 441 participants | Low |
Oral vs systemic antibiotic (IM or IV) Bacteriuria · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.34 [0.06, 1.93] | 3 studies · 354 participants | Moderate |