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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

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Intervention or exposure

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Review versions

75,239 questions in 5,342 reviews

current versions

No studies 15,213 · 20.2%Ungraded 10,323 · 13.7%Very low 17,528 · 23.3%Low 17,951 · 23.9%Moderate 11,190 · 14.9%High 3,034 · 4%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Intervention NR Depression (9 to 18 months) · patients with treatment of inflammatory bowel disease Psychological interventions for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 378 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Not in remission at/during month 3 to 8 · patients with treatment of inflammatory bowel disease Psychological interventions for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2011) · Cochrane	OR 1.35 [0.73, 2.48]	3 studies · 221 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Not in remission at/during month 9 to 18 · patients with treatment of inflammatory bowel disease Psychological interventions for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2011) · Cochrane	OR 1 [0.65, 1.53]	3 studies · 434 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Quality of life (9 to 18 months) · patients with treatment of inflammatory bowel disease Psychological interventions for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 235 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Depression (3 to 8 months) · patients with treatment of inflammatory bowel disease Psychological interventions for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 219 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Depression (9 to 18 months) · patients with treatment of inflammatory bowel disease Psychological interventions for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 266 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Not in remission at/during month 3 to 8 · patients with treatment of inflammatory bowel disease Psychological interventions for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2011) · Cochrane	OR 1.25 [0.58, 2.71]	3 studies · 182 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Not in remission at/during month 9 to 18 · patients with treatment of inflammatory bowel disease Psychological interventions for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2011) · Cochrane	OR 0.85 [0.48, 1.48]	5 studies · 287 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Quality of life and coping at 3 to 8 months ‐ Quality of life · patients with treatment of inflammatory bowel disease Psychological interventions for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 71 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Quality of life and coping at 3 to 8 months ‐ Coping · patients with treatment of inflammatory bowel disease Psychological interventions for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 69 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Depression and anxiety at 3 to 8 months ‐ Depression · patients with treatment of inflammatory bowel disease Psychological interventions for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 41 participants	Very low
Intervention vs comparison Mortality ‐ Antibiotics versus no antibiotics · patients undergoing liver resections Methods of decreasing infection to improve outcomes after liver resections (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 127 participants	Very low
Intervention vs comparison Mortality ‐ Long duration antibiotics versus short duration antibiotics · patients undergoing liver resections Methods of decreasing infection to improve outcomes after liver resections (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 180 participants	Very low
Intervention vs comparison Mortality ‐ Prebiotics and probiotics versus none · patients undergoing liver resections Methods of decreasing infection to improve outcomes after liver resections (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 44 participants	Very low
Intervention vs comparison Mortality ‐ Pre‐operative and post‐operative prebiotics and probiotics versus post‐operative prebiotics and probiotics · patients undergoing liver resections Methods of decreasing infection to improve outcomes after liver resections (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 81 participants	Very low
Intervention vs comparison Mortality ‐ Topical povidone iodine gel versus no topical povidone iodine gel · patients undergoing liver resections Methods of decreasing infection to improve outcomes after liver resections (2011) · Cochrane	RR 1.35 [0.24, 7.53]	1 study · 59 participants	Very low
Factor Xa inhibitors vs Anticoagulants All causes of mortality at 30 days · Anticoagulants in ACS Factor Xa inhibitors for acute coronary syndromes (2011) · Cochrane	RR 0.9 [0.8, 1.01]	4 studies · 27976 participants	High
Factor Xa inhibitors vs Anticoagulants All causes of mortality at 30 days ‐ UFH · Anticoagulants in ACS Factor Xa inhibitors for acute coronary syndromes (2011) · Cochrane	RR 0.98 [0.82, 1.18]	2 studies · 6760 participants	High
Factor Xa inhibitors vs Anticoagulants All causes of mortality at 30 days ‐ Enoxaparin · Anticoagulants in ACS Factor Xa inhibitors for acute coronary syndromes (2011) · Cochrane	RR 0.85 [0.73, 0.98]	2 studies · 21216 participants	High
Factor Xa inhibitors vs Anticoagulants Major bleeding at 30 days · Anticoagulants in ACS Factor Xa inhibitors for acute coronary syndromes (2011) · Cochrane	RR 1.01 [0.98, 1.04]	2 studies · 20404 participants	High
Factor Xa inhibitors vs Anticoagulants Major bleeding at 30 days ‐ UFH · Anticoagulants in ACS Factor Xa inhibitors for acute coronary syndromes (2011) · Cochrane	RR 0.98 [0.92, 1.04]	1 study · 326 participants	High
Factor Xa inhibitors vs Anticoagulants Major bleeding at 30 days ‐ Enoxaparin · Anticoagulants in ACS Factor Xa inhibitors for acute coronary syndromes (2011) · Cochrane	RR 1.02 [1.01, 1.02]	1 study · 20078 participants	High
Factor Xa inhibitors vs Anticoagulants Minor bleeding at 30 days · Anticoagulants in ACS Factor Xa inhibitors for acute coronary syndromes (2011) · Cochrane	RR 0.7 [0.14, 3.39]	2 studies · 20404 participants	High
Factor Xa inhibitors vs Anticoagulants Minor bleeding at 30 days ‐ UFH · Anticoagulants in ACS Factor Xa inhibitors for acute coronary syndromes (2011) · Cochrane	RR 1.76 [0.52, 5.94]	1 study · 326 participants	Moderate
Factor Xa inhibitors vs Anticoagulants Minor bleeding at 30 days ‐ Enoxaparin · Anticoagulants in ACS Factor Xa inhibitors for acute coronary syndromes (2011) · Cochrane	RR 0.34 [0.28, 0.43]	1 study · 20078 participants	High
Intervention NR Self‐efficacy for health information seeking 4‐item Likert scale. Scale from: 0 to 10. ( · Adult consumers Interventions for enhancing consumers' online health literacy (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 448 participants	Low
Intervention NR Health information evaluation skills Difference in the quality ratings given to web pages. Scale from: ‐9 to 9. ( · Adult consumers Interventions for enhancing consumers' online health literacy (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 448 participants	Low
Intervention NR Number of times the patient discussed online information with a health provider Episodes the consumer had discussed online information with a health provider in the previous 3 months. Scale from: 0 to unlimited. ( · Adult consumers Interventions for enhancing consumers' online health literacy (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 448 participants	Low
Intervention NR Ability to search for online health information ‐ not measured · Adult consumers Interventions for enhancing consumers' online health literacy (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Knowledge and understanding of how to find, evaluate and use online health information ‐ not measured · Adult consumers Interventions for enhancing consumers' online health literacy (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Computer literacy ‐ not measured · Adult consumers Interventions for enhancing consumers' online health literacy (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Adverse events · Adult consumers Interventions for enhancing consumers' online health literacy (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR HIV infection (all studies together, regardless of sexual role) Lab test or self report · Men who have sex with men and transgender persons Male circumcision for prevention of homosexual acquisition of HIV in men (2011) · Cochrane	OR 0.86 [0.7, 1.06]	20 studies · 64915 participants	Low
Intervention NR HIV infection (mainly receptive anal sex) · Men who have sex with men and transgender persons Male circumcision for prevention of homosexual acquisition of HIV in men (2011) · Cochrane	OR 1.2 [0.63, 2.29]	3 studies · 876 participants	Very low
Intervention NR HIV infection (mainly insertive anal sex) · Men who have sex with men and transgender persons Male circumcision for prevention of homosexual acquisition of HIV in men (2011) · Cochrane	OR 0.27 [0.17, 0.44]	7 studies · 2098 participants	Low
Intervention NR Syphilis · Men who have sex with men and transgender persons Male circumcision for prevention of homosexual acquisition of HIV in men (2011) · Cochrane	OR 0.96 [0.82, 1.13]	6 studies · 31174 participants	Low
Intervention NR Herpes simplex virus ‐ 1 · Men who have sex with men and transgender persons Male circumcision for prevention of homosexual acquisition of HIV in men (2011) · Cochrane	OR 0.9 [0.53, 1.52]	2 studies · 2740 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Herpes simplex virus ‐ 2 · Men who have sex with men and transgender persons Male circumcision for prevention of homosexual acquisition of HIV in men (2011) · Cochrane	OR 0.86 [0.62, 1.21]	4 studies · 10285 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Psychological distress · informal caregivers of patients in the terminal phase of a disease Interventions for supporting informal caregivers of patients in the terminal phase of a disease (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	8 studies · 936 participants	Low
Intervention NR Coping with the caring role · informal caregivers of patients in the terminal phase of a disease Interventions for supporting informal caregivers of patients in the terminal phase of a disease (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	7 studies · 738 participants	Low
Intervention NR Quality of life · informal caregivers of patients in the terminal phase of a disease Interventions for supporting informal caregivers of patients in the terminal phase of a disease (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	6 studies · 631 participants	Low
Intervention NR Physical health: sleep quality · informal caregivers of patients in the terminal phase of a disease Interventions for supporting informal caregivers of patients in the terminal phase of a disease (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 30 participants	Low
Intervention NR Health service use · informal caregivers of patients in the terminal phase of a disease Interventions for supporting informal caregivers of patients in the terminal phase of a disease (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Adverse events · informal caregivers of patients in the terminal phase of a disease Interventions for supporting informal caregivers of patients in the terminal phase of a disease (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR CI: Confidence interval · informal caregivers of patients in the terminal phase of a disease Interventions for supporting informal caregivers of patients in the terminal phase of a disease (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Primary analyses ERAS vs conventional Mortality outpatient · patients with colorectal surgery Fast track surgery versus conventional recovery strategies for colorectal surgery (2011) · Cochrane	RR 0.53 [0.12, 2.38]	4 studies · 237 participants	High
Primary analyses ERAS vs conventional Complications clinical scoring · patients with colorectal surgery Fast track surgery versus conventional recovery strategies for colorectal surgery (2011) · Cochrane	RR 0.5 [0.35, 0.72]	4 studies · 577 participants	Very low
Primary analyses ERAS vs conventional Readmissions · patients with colorectal surgery Fast track surgery versus conventional recovery strategies for colorectal surgery (2011) · Cochrane	RR 0.87 [0.08, 9.39]	4 studies · 237 participants	Low
Primary analyses ERAS vs conventional hospital stay days of hospital admittance. Scale from: 1 to 100. · patients with colorectal surgery Fast track surgery versus conventional recovery strategies for colorectal surgery (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 237 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Yearly number of Philippine nurses migrating to the USA · Nurses in The Philippines Interventions to reduce emigration of health care professionals from low‐ and middle‐income countries (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 1 participants	Moderate