What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in dropout due to any reason (end of intervention) (low certainty).

• Comparative effectiveness of continuation and maintenance treatments for persistent depressive disorder in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.9 [0.39, 2.11]
  4 studies · 386 participants
  Low

Surgical portosystemic shunts vs devascularisation with splenectomy

It is very uncertain whether surgical portosystemic shunts changes any re‐intervention compared with devascularisation with splenectomy (very low certainty).

• Surgical portosystemic shunts versus devascularisation procedures for prevention of variceal rebleeding in people with… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3 [0.13, 70.83]
  1 study · 60 participants
  Very low

Daikenchuto vs control

Daikenchuto showed no clear difference in incidence ratio of any re‐interventions before leaving hospital compared with control (moderate certainty).

• Daikenchuto for reducing postoperative ileus in patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.99 [0.06, 15.62]
  1 study · 207 participants
  Moderate

Standard care plus IV tranexamic acid vs placebo or usual care

Standard care plus IV tranexamic acid showed no clear difference in side effects of the intervention: Any maternal vascular occlusive… compared with placebo or standard care alone (moderate certainty).

• Antifibrinolytic drugs for treating primary postpartum haemorrhage 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.88 [0.54, 1.43]
  1 study · 20018 participants
  Moderate

Cardiorespiratory exercise programmes prescribed alone vs a non‐exercise intervention or no intervention

• Fitness training for cardiorespiratory conditioning after traumatic brain injury 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 67 participants
  Low

Cardiorespiratory exercise programmes prescribed alone vs a non‐exercise intervention or no intervention

• Fitness training for cardiorespiratory conditioning after traumatic brain injury 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 220 participants
  Very low

Cardiorespiratory exercise programmes prescribed alone vs a non‐exercise intervention or no intervention

• Fitness training for cardiorespiratory conditioning after traumatic brain injury 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 130 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Prothrombin complex concentrates vs any comparator

It is very uncertain whether prothrombin complex concentrate changes number of complications probably related to the intervention compared with any comparator (very low certainty).

• Prothrombin complex concentrate for reversal of vitamin K antagonist treatment in bleeding and non‐bleeding patients 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.92 [0.78, 1.09]
  4 studies · 442 participants
  Very low

VIRTUAL REALITY AS A SOLE METHOD + STANDARD PROFESSIONAL CARE vs usual care

• Virtual reality for treatment compliance for people with serious mental illness 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 92 participants
  Low

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) FOR PROMPTING/SUPPORT + STANDARD CARE vs usual care

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) FOR PROMPTING/SUPPORT… showed no clear difference in acceptability (of intervention): Leaving the studies early – any… compared with STANDARD CARE (low certainty).

• Information and communication technology based prompting for treatment compliance for people with serious mental illness 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.46 [0.7, 3.05]
  2 studies · 347 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Restorative justice conferencing for reducing recidivism in young offenders (aged 7 to 21) 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 321 participants
  Low

Antibiotics vs control ‐ primary outcomes

Antibiotic probably leads to lower prevention ‐ any AOM or CSOM during intervention compared with control ‐ primary outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Antibiotics for the prevention of acute and chronic suppurative otitis media in children 2006 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.65 [0.53, 0.79]
  14 studies · 1461 participants
  Moderate

Antibiotics vs control ‐ secondary outcomes

Antibiotic showed no clear difference in side effects ‐ any clinical side effects during intervention compared with control ‐ secondary outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Antibiotics for the prevention of acute and chronic suppurative otitis media in children 2006 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.99 [0.25, 15.89]
  12 studies · 817 participants
  Moderate

Repeat midurethral tape (any type) vs any other non‐tape surgical treatment (e.g. traditional sling, colposuspension, injectables)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed minimally invasive synthetic midurethral… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Repeat midurethral tape (any type) vs any other non‐tape surgical treatment (e.g. traditional sling, colposuspension, injectables)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed minimally invasive synthetic midurethral… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Repeat midurethral tape (any type) vs any other non‐tape surgical treatment (e.g. traditional sling, colposuspension, injectables)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed minimally invasive synthetic midurethral… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Repeat midurethral tape (any type) vs any other non‐tape surgical treatment (e.g. traditional sling, colposuspension, injectables)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed minimally invasive synthetic midurethral… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Repeat midurethral tape (any type) vs any other non‐tape surgical treatment (e.g. traditional sling, colposuspension, injectables)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed minimally invasive synthetic midurethral… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Repeat midurethral tape (any type) vs any other non‐tape surgical treatment (e.g. traditional sling, colposuspension, injectables)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed minimally invasive synthetic midurethral… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Similar physical activity interventions vs control

• Physical activity for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 20 participants
  Very low