What do systematic reviews say?

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs standard‐of‐care therapy

• Combined diet and exercise interventions for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Any supplement containing iodine vs same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (maternal outcomes)

Any supplement containing iodine showed no clear difference in maternal hypothyroidism ‐ pregnancy compared with same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (maternal… (low certainty).

• Iodine supplementation for women during the preconception, pregnancy and postpartum period 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.9 [0.57, 6.38]
  1 study · 365 participants
  Low

Any supplement containing iodine vs same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (maternal outcomes)

Any supplement containing iodine showed no clear difference in preterm birth compared with same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (maternal… (low certainty).

• Iodine supplementation for women during the preconception, pregnancy and postpartum period 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.71 [0.3, 1.66]
  2 studies · 376 participants
  Low

Any supplement containing iodine vs same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (maternal outcomes)

Any supplement containing iodine showed no clear difference in maternal adverse effect: elevated thyroid peroxidase antibodies ‐… compared with same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (maternal… (low certainty).

• Iodine supplementation for women during the preconception, pregnancy and postpartum period 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.44, 2.07]
  1 study · 359 participants
  Low

Any supplement containing iodine vs same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (maternal outcomes)

Any supplement containing iodine showed no clear difference in maternal adverse effect: hyperthyroidism ‐ pregnancy compared with same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (maternal… (low certainty).

• Iodine supplementation for women during the preconception, pregnancy and postpartum period 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.9 [0.57, 6.38]
  1 study · 365 participants
  Low

Any supplement containing iodine vs same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (maternal outcomes)

It is very uncertain whether any supplement containing iodine changes maternal adverse effect: digestive intolerance ‐ pregnancy compared with same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (maternal… (very low certainty).

• Iodine supplementation for women during the preconception, pregnancy and postpartum period 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 15.33 [2.07, 113.7]
  1 study · 76 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in very preterm birth (less than 34 weeks) ‐ assuming complete… (low certainty).

• Bed rest with and without hospitalisation in multiple pregnancy for improving perinatal outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.66, 1.58]
  5 studies · 495 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in prelabour preterm rupture of the membrane (low certainty).

• Bed rest with and without hospitalisation in multiple pregnancy for improving perinatal outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.51 [0.69, 3.3]
  1 study · 141 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Bed rest with and without hospitalisation in multiple pregnancy for improving perinatal outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in prelabour preterm rupture of the membrane (low certainty).

• Bed rest with and without hospitalisation in multiple pregnancy for improving perinatal outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.3 [0.71, 2.38]
  3 studies · 276 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Bed rest with and without hospitalisation in multiple pregnancy for improving perinatal outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in very preterm birth (less than 34 weeks) ‐ assuming complete… (low certainty).

• Bed rest with and without hospitalisation in multiple pregnancy for improving perinatal outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.3 [0.84, 6.27]
  1 study · 141 participants
  Low

Exercise vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Exercise for pregnant women with gestational diabetes for improving maternal and fetal outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

CSII vs MDI: maternal outcomes

• Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections of insulin for pregnant women with diabetes 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Tight vs moderate glycaemic control (maternal outcomes)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Tight‐moderate vs less‐tight glycaemic targets (maternal outcomes)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Very tight vs tight‐moderate glycaemic control (infant outcomes)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

SOF Immunological sealant vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether SOF Immunological sealant changes preterm birth less than 37 weeks' gestation compared with standard care (very low certainty).

• Sealing procedures for preterm prelabour rupture of membranes 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.48 [0.34, 0.68]
  1 study · 94 participants
  Very low

SOF Cervical adapter vs usual care

• Sealing procedures for preterm prelabour rupture of membranes 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Myo‐inositol vs placebo

• Dietary supplementation with myo‐inositol in women during pregnancy for treating gestational diabetes 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported