Non‐core symptoms of ASD · children aged 5 to 11 years with ASD
D‐cycloserine showed no clear difference in non‐core symptoms of ASD compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Tolerability · children aged 5 to 11 years with ASD
D‐cycloserine showed no clear difference in tolerability compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · people with sickle cell disease
Streptococcus mutans colonization reduction (narrative; no CFU data reported) · Animal caries models (mice, rats, hamsters) challenged/colonized with Streptococcus mutans; one transgenic-plant antigen-expression system
Anticaries vaccines produced a sustained reduction in Streptococcus mutans colonization on teeth in animal models (ungraded narrative synthesis; no pooled estimate).
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Treatment success (caries lesion arrest or restoration survival) · Children (aged 3-11 y) with cavitated caries lesions in primary teeth
At 6 months, the Hall technique had significantly higher treatment success than placebo (OR 163.59; moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Incidence of initial caries around brackets, aesthetic-zone teeth only · Orthodontic patients (any age) undergoing orthodontic treatment (mostly fixed appliances)
When only aesthetic-zone teeth (incisors and canines) were considered, two studies reported a significant reduction in initial caries incidence favoring fluoride mouthrinse (ungraded, narrative; no pooled estimate).
1 finding from 1 review
Salivary / secretory IgA (SIgA) antibody response (immunogenicity) · Animal caries models (mice, rats, hamsters) challenged/colonized with Streptococcus mutans; one transgenic-plant antigen-expression system
Anticaries vaccines, particularly via mucosal (intranasal) routes, elicited increased salivary/secretory IgA responses in the animal studies (ungraded narrative synthesis; no pooled estimate).
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Improved caries prognosis via restored oral microbiota · Patients after dental filling
Adjuvant postbiotics after dental filling improve caries prognosis by restoring the oral microbiota in one RCT (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment success (caries lesion arrest or restoration survival) · Children (aged 3-11 y) with cavitated caries lesions in primary teeth
At 6 months, ART had significantly higher treatment success than placebo (OR 16.18).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 16.18 [1.21, 215.73]
44 studies
GRADE not reported
Serum IgG antibody response (immunogenicity) · Animal caries models (mice, rats, hamsters) challenged/colonized with Streptococcus mutans; one transgenic-plant antigen-expression system
Anticaries vaccines elicited increased serum IgG antibody responses across the animal studies (ungraded narrative synthesis; no pooled estimate).
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Treatment success (caries lesion arrest or restoration survival) · Children (aged 3-11 y) with cavitated caries lesions in primary teeth
At 6 months, conventional restorations had significantly higher treatment success than placebo (OR 44.66).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 44.66 [3.22, 620.47]
44 studies
Moderate
Incidence of proximal (interdental) caries lesions from bitewing radiographs · Orthodontic patients (any age) undergoing orthodontic treatment (mostly fixed appliances)
Only one included study assessed proximal caries incidence from bitewing radiographs; it was not included in the meta-analysis and no pooled estimate is available (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Reduced dental plaque index · Adults with dental caries
Postbiotic lozenges reduce plaque index in one adult RCT (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Streptococcus mutans count · Humans at risk of dental caries (children aged 6-12 years; adults with dental caries)
Postbiotic products reduce salivary S. mutans counts in human trials, though not always significantly (ungraded narrative synthesis).
1 finding from 1 review
Development of >=1 new carious lesion (caries incidence) · Animal caries models (mice, rats, hamsters) challenged/colonized with Streptococcus mutans; one transgenic-plant antigen-expression system
In preclinical animal models, anticaries vaccines significantly reduced dental caries risk (pooled RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.62; random-effects), but the evidence is ungraded and limited to short-term animal studies.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.53 [0.46, 0.62]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Treatment success (caries lesion arrest or restoration survival) · Children (aged 3-11 y) with cavitated caries lesions in primary teeth
At 6 months, SDF had significantly higher treatment success than placebo (OR 33.62).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 33.62 [3.01, 375.92]
44 studies
GRADE not reported
Incidence of initial enamel caries / white spot lesions adjacent to bracket base (subject level, dichotomized) · Orthodontic patients (any age) undergoing orthodontic treatment (mostly fixed appliances)
Adding a fluoride mouthrinse to daily fluoride toothpaste produced a small reduction in the incidence of initial caries/white spot lesions adjacent to brackets (pooled risk difference -0.07, 95% CI -0.14 to -0.01; 5 studies, 491 subjects), but the authors judged the overall evidence inconclusive (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Side effects or other adverse events · Orthodontic patients (any age) undergoing orthodontic treatment (mostly fixed appliances)
No adverse effects were reported in any of the seven included studies (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Salivary Streptococcus mutans count and plaque index · Adults with dental caries
No meta-analysis was conducted; postbiotic lozenges were reported to reduce salivary Streptococcus mutans counts and plaque index versus placebo.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1 study
GRADE not reported
Pocket closure · Adults (> 18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of periodontitis, receiving active (non-surgical anti-infective) treatment
2 findings from 1 review
Three studies evaluated the proportion of closed pockets three months after treatment (Al-Zahrani 2011; Courval 2020; Rodrigues 2023); studies used different criteria to measure this outcome. All studies reported an…
3 studies
GRADE not reported
No studies measured this outcome at 6 months (SoF row labeled 'Change in pocket depth from baseline to 6 months after initial treatment').
Studies not reported
No studies found